PUTTING OVERVIEW（推杆综述）

CHAPTER 2

Problems on the Greens

果岭上的麻烦事

1.1  No Net Luck in Putting

好坏运气都是碰上的

Part of the charm of putting, indeed of the game of golf itself, is the occasional unfairness of the results versus the quality of the swing. I think that’s charming. Unfair, but charming. Because I think golf is, and should always be, a test of more than your athletic ability and your swing plane. The challenge of putting includes an examination of your ability to accept adversity and move on. That means it is a character check, as well as an evaluation of your judgment, preparation, eyesight, nerves, concentration, organizational prowess,work ethic, and feel, touch, putting stroke, and ability to read greens.

推杆的魅力，或者说高尔夫球的魅力在于虽然我们认为自己付出了很多，她却总不是那么的”乖”和“听话”。而这正是魔力所在，让人又爱又恨。它不仅仅是运动技能的拼比，还考验你处逆境的心态和保持信心的本领。从这一点来说，推杆是一项品行的检验，是考核我们的判断力，备战能力，眼力，勇气，关注度，组织力，职业道德，知觉，感觉，当然还有推杆技术和阅读果岭的能力。

Putting is not a black art. That’s true. However it is also true that almost every putt can involve an element of luck. The factors that cause this uncertainty are many and varied, some of which you can see and some you can’t. There is no net luck, good or bad, in putting.

推杆不能靠蒙，但是几乎每一推都关涉到运气，构成这个运气的因素很多，有些能见，有些看不到，不能简单地以运气好坏来归结。

1.2 Easily Seeable Hazards 能看到的麻烦

So forget the luck, and look for the factors that you can control (or at least influence) to determine results. Also become aware of the influence out side your control that can affect your results. So you keep things in perspective, keeping what you can and can’t control separate.

暂时把运气好坏放一放，我们来看看我们能控制或者说至少能有所努力的一些因素，这些因素能决定推杆的效果，同时我们也要注意我们不能控制的因素，因为这些因素同样也能影响推杆结果。学会对果岭情况的预判，把可控和非可控因素分开。

***    When the grass is diseased, leaving a depression.

    果岭草得病留下的病斑。

***    Spike marks. 鞋钉印。

***    Pitch marks. 球痕

***    The ragged edge of a cup. 不平整的洞杯沿

    There is nothing you can do about it, but all of these are seeable, so golfers understand them and know they are part of the game. You mark it down to a bit of bad luck, and don’t worry. But most important, you don’t change your stroke because of them.

这些都是能看得到的，但是无能为力。我们须明白这些是这项运动的不可分割部分，归入坏运气吧！别愁，重要的是，不要把因为这些情况错失的推杆归咎到推杆动作上。

2.3 Measurable (Although Difficult to See), and Therefore Knowable, Factors 虽然很难看清，但是可估测，所以是可知的因素

***     The length of the grass on a green. 果岭草的长度。

***    The moisture in the surface of the green. 果岭的湿度。

***   The grain, the direction the grass grows. The stronger the grass 

    blades and the stronger the forces of nature.

    草纹，果岭草生长的方向。不一样的果岭草叶子形成的草纹，影响程度不一样。

顺草和逆草

***   The ball’s balance. Due to the imbalance of weight, rather than rolling in the desired direction, the ball would roll off to the side and miss the hole. Worse than the lost stroke, the golfer probably would think he had just blown a short putt that he should have made, leading him to change his stroke to fix a problem that didn’t exist. 

   球的均衡性。由于不平衡的质量分布，滚动的球会偏离设定的方向，错失洞口。比这个更糟糕的是，球手会以为是他的推杆动作导致了这么幼稚的错失，然后去找并设法改正这个根本不存在的动作错误。

2.4 Unseeable and Unknowable Factors 不可见也不可知因素

I had a breakthrough- a moment when I knew I’d truly be able to help people-when I started studying the footprints golfers left on greens. Wondering how anyone could hole any putt over such an uneven surface. There seemed to be thousands of footprint lines, humps, bumps, and heel-print edges in grass, any one of which was capable of turning a slowly rolling ball in a different direction.

当我开始研究果岭上留下的脚印的时候，我觉得自己有了一个突破性的进展，我肯定自己能帮到球手们。果岭上有无数的鞋印，凹陷凸起，站立时重力压成的后跟印，任何一种状况都能改变缓速行进的球的方向，在如此坑洼不平的果岭推进一个球真是不容易啊！

为了清晰，图片有点夸张，洞杯6英寸范围是高起的坡道，6英尺范围内是踏陷区（嘟嘟甜甜圈）

***         The lumpy donut 嘟嘟甜甜圈

I learned that a foursome often makes more than 500 footprints on each green it plays. Even worse, these footprints were not evenly distributed: most were within six feet of the hole, they created a trampled-down area between 6 feet and 6 inches away from the hole and 360 degrees around it. I began referring to this area as the “lumpy donut”.

四人组会在每一个果岭上留下超过500个鞋印，更糟糕的是，这些鞋印的分布很不均匀。大多数在离洞六英尺的范围内，事实上在6英寸和6英尺之间形成了一个圆环形踏陷区。我把这块由于踩踏而成的区域叫做嘟嘟甜甜圈。

*      The ramp 坡道

The golfers had trampled near the cup, but they were very careful not to step inside the six inches immediately around it, so that area was elevated inside the center of the lumpy donut. These ramps cause many putts that are slowing down and dying as they near the hole to be stopped short or turned away. 

球手在洞杯附近的密集踩踏，但他们会非常小心地避开洞杯六英寸范围的区域，这样的结果是形成了甜甜圈中间六英寸范围部分的凸起。这个围绕洞杯凸起的坡道造成了许多球在洞杯附近减速甚至停下或者变向。

 

*       Wind 风

What about a light breeze? Does it affect your putts? It’s just one more unknowable factor that you might want to be aware of so you can play your best golf.

一阵轻风，对推杆会有影响吗？这也是一个我们所不可知的因素，虽然不可知，但是有意识地关注还是会有助于我们的推杆的。

2.5 A Multiplicity of Options选择的多样性

Another bump on the road consistently effect putting. That would be the thousands of ways in which you can swing a putter. So many golfers believe putting to be “personal”. They think putting is individualistic, idiosyncratic, or a matter of personal taste, and that you should do “whatever feels right to you”.

For many golfers, there is absolutely nothing natural about a good putting stroke. Most golfers putt pretty badly when they try to do “what feels right”. There are many body types as there are golfers. And while there are only a few proper ways to stroke a golf ball perfectly, in trying to accomplish those few fundamentals, each golfer can look unique. The key is to find which options help you putt better, then practice and groove them until you own them.

还有一个因素要考虑，那就是推杆的方式。很多人认为推杆是非常个性化的，特异性的，完全是个人的感觉，所以，“跟着感觉走”。

对于很多球手来说，一个好的推杆动作，是与随性的动作绝对不同路的。如果完全依着感觉走，那是推不好杆的。好推杆必须有正确的动作，在完成这些正确的动作时，每个不同体型的人看上去会有不同的样式。关键是找到适合自己的，然后不断练习直至掌握并拥有。

2.6 Misunderstanding 误解

Straight down-hill putts are usually easier to make than straight uphill putts. This may be the opposite of what you think. On downhillers, the force of gravity tends to hold putts on-line, minimizing the error cause by a slightly open or closed clubface at impact. On the same length uphill putt, however, gravity maximizes the results of the same error, actually increasing the possibility of missing the hole.

All that said it’s easier to three-putt a downhill than an uphill putt of the same length, the reason is speed: downhill putts require a more delicate touch to control rolling speed.

下坡直推比上坡直推容易，这可能与我们所想的完全不一样。那些下坡直推，地心引力有助于球行进在推击线上，减少杆面打开或是闭合造成的误差。同样的距离如果是上坡直推，地心引力会放大误差，增加了错失洞杯的几率。

但是我们都说，下坡比上坡容易三推，这里的原因是速度。下坡推需要更精准的触球感。

2.7 Poor Learning Environment 学习环境

The green provides a very poor environment in which to learn. Standing on the putting green, golfers have no idea why they miss putts or why they make them.

If you learn form your mistakes, things usually get better.

Immediate, accurate, reliable feedback is the key to efficient learning.

学习的关键是不断地复习和反思

The basic notion is that if you don’t know right from wrong in practice, there is no way you can improve. If you don’t know a good stroke from a bad stroke in practice, you are just as likely to groove the bad one as the better one. Or if you blame your heart your courage or your self-worth when you miss putts, then you’ll never fix your aim, your path, or the impact problems that truly are at fault.

站在果岭上，果岭的复杂让球手们不知道为什么球进了，也说不清为什么球不进。

我们需要直接精确可靠地反思我们的推杆，来提高学习效率。通过分析改正错误来提高，是一个有效的办法。

关键是如果我们分不清哪个是好推哪个是差推，那我们的提高就无从着手，因为那样的情况，我们很容易把差推当做标范来巩固。更有甚者，当一个球错失后，我们会责备自己的心态，自己的胆怯，甚至自我贬抑，而真实的问题却被我们忽略了。

2.8 How Well Can You Putt? 我们到底能推多好

That also depends on your ability to learn the mechanics of a better putting stroke, your ability to learn better putting feel and touch, your ability to learn to read greens better, and your ability to produce the right stroke at the right time. Depend on your lifestyle, your determination and intensity, your focus, your self-discipline and practice habits, and your ability to learn.

这有赖于我们的学习推杆的机械学原理的能力，推杆的感受和感觉，阅读果岭的能力，在合适的时间合适的一推的能力。甚至是个人的生活态度，毅力和关注度，自我约束力，和练习习惯，学习能力。

2.9 Stop Three-Putting 杜绝三推

For more golfers to improve their scores, it is easier to reduce their number of three-putts than it is to increase their number of one-putts. You should not practice only short putts; the long ones are also important. And you must stop three-putting those long ones if you want to be a good putter.

要减少杆数，关键是减少三推而不是增加一推的数量。所以，我们不仅仅要练习短推，长推也很有练习的必要。只有避免了长距离的三推，我们才有可能成为真正的高手。

2.10 Learn to Lag Putt 学习远距近洞推杆

 To lag a putt is to minimize thoughts of holing it, instead concentrating on stopping the ball as close to the proper distance and as close to the hole as possible, thus minimizing the possibility of three-putting (which is first priority).

远距近洞推杆是指在长推时不要过于执着于一推进洞的想法，而是尽可能推至洞杯附近，确保第二推进洞，以此来减少三推出现的概率（减少三推是我们的首要项）。

 

 

 

 

How to Lag Putt in Golf(如何远距近洞推） 

***  To putt aggressively is to concentrate on rolling putts at the optimum putting speed to maximize the chance of holing out.

   强势推杆是指专注于以最合适的推杆速度，提高入洞的概率

***    To jam putts is to roll them at a higher than optimum speed to minimize the amount of breaks required to be played.

   灌洞是指非常果断地推杆，以此来减少推杆过程中变向的可能。

***    Lag putters（golfers who always seem to be lagging their putts） usually leave more than half of their putts short, which is not good when you are trying to hole the maximum percentage of makable putts. So better lag putting not only reduces the number of three-putts, but also leads to more long putts holed.

    经常会推短的”推短手”，一半多的球会推短，这样很多该进的球没有进，但是远距近洞推杆不是这样，这种推杆方式不仅减少了三推的数量，而且也使得长推入洞的概率提高。

***    You need to understand the realities of putting so you’ll be more tolerant when unexplained things happen to you on the greens. So take heart, and realize your better scores will come from more areas than simply improving your stroke mechanics. There’s much more to good putting than that physical stroke motion of yours.

我们需要对推杆这项运动有一个正确的理解，这样当我们的推杆出现无法解释的情况的时候，我们能接受。好成绩好推杆不仅需要一个好的身体动作作为基础，其他很多的因素都会对推杆产生影响。