The Notes of English Course

Mon，May07，2012

 

小序：

今天是週一，進入課室被老師攔截在門口，通知我升班，去三樓的課室上課。這個班級我曾經偷偷地去聽過一節課，語法沒有問題，難點是課文的生字太多，老師講課的語速較快，基本聽不到說什麼。要進入這個班級肯定是一場挑戰，我硬着頭皮進入了教師。老師的名字：Kent Harris。

 

第一部分：英語發音練習

老師手上沒有課本，喧談幾句後，提筆在黑板上寫下：

 

http://s6/middle/5abc94d1gbf8efab9d2e5&690

And the raven, never flitting Still is sitting - still is sitting.

On that pallid bust of Pallas just above my chamber door.

And his eyes have all the seeming of a demon that is dreaming.

And the lamplight o’er him streaming throws his shadow on the floor.

And my soul from out that shadow that lies floating on the floor.

Shall be lifted – nevermore.

 

第二部分：課堂自由發言,用以下詞組形成提問與同學對話，並將回答是Yes的同學名字記錄在詞組的旁邊：

Has studied English more than 10yrs

Drives a Japanese car

Know a good auto mechanic

Is a citizen of 2 countries

Travels by bicycle

Has their own recipe for flan

Reads an encyclopedia

Buys food at an Asian store

Sleeps until 11am on days off

Exercises everyday

Studied English less than 3 yrs

Has read a very long book

Has played soccer

Celebrates Dia de Muertes

E-mails friends overseas

Has been to a museum here

Knows bilingual children

Watches English movies/tv

Has family in other US cities

Has gone skiing

 

第三部分：語法與課堂作業

Passive(3)

 

A. Some verbs can have two objects. For example, offer:

   They didn't offer Ann the job. (the two objects are Ann and the job)

So it is possible to make two different passive sentences:

   Ann wasn't offered the job.

   The job wasn't offered to Ann.

It is more usual for the passive sentence to begin with the person.

Ask   tell   give   send   show   teach   pay

Here are some examples of passive sentences with these verbs:

   I was given two hours to make my decision. (= they gave me two hours)

   The men were paid $1500 to do the job. (= somenone paid the men $1500)

Have you been shown the new machine? (= has anyone shown you the new machine?)

 

B. Born: Remember that be born is a passive verb and is usually past:

   Where were you born? (not are you born)-simple past

   I was born in Chicago. (not I am born)-simple past

   How many babies are born in this hospital every day?-simple present

 

C. The passive -ing form is being done / being cleaned, etc.:

Active: I don't like people telling me what to do.

Passive: I don't like being told what to do.

   I remember being given a toy drum on my fifth birthday. (= I remember someone giving me . . .)

   Hurry up! You know Mr. Miller hates being kept waiting. (he hates peole keeping him waiting)

   She climbed over the wall without being seen. (= without anyone seeing her)

 

D. Sometimes you can use get instead of be in the passive:

   There was a fight at the party, but nobody got hurt. (= nobody was hurt)

   Did Ann get fired from he new job? (= was Ann fired from her new job?)

You can use get in the passive to say that something happens to someone or something. Often the action is not planned; it happens by chance:

   The dog got run over by a car. (= the dog was run over)

In other types of situation get is not usuall possible:

   George is liked by everyone. (not gets liked)

Get is use mainly in informal spoken English. You can use be in all situations.

 

Exercises

 

A. Read the sentence and then write a new sentence with the same meaning. Begin in the way shown each time.

Example: They didn't offer Ann the job.  Ann wasn't offered the job.

1, They don't pay Jim very much.  Jim was paid very much.

2, They will ask you a lot of questions at the interview. You will be  asked a lot of questions.

3, Nobody told me that Liz was sick.  I wasn't told that Liz was sick.

4, His colleagues gave him a present when he retired.  He was given a resent by his colleagues when he retired.

5, We will send you your exam results as soon as they are ready.  You will be sent your exam results as soon as they are ready.

6, They didn't ask me my name.  I wasn't asked my name.

7, I think they should have offered Tom the job.  I think Tom should have been offered the job by them.

 

B. When were these famous people born? Choose the right year for each person:

   1889   1770   1452   1870   1564

1, Lenin was born in 1870.

2,Shakespeare was born in 1564.

3,Leonardo da Vinci was born in 1452.

4,Charlie Chaplin was born in 1889.

5,Beetthoven was 1770.

6,Any you? I was born in 1956.

 

C. Complete the sentences. Each time use being with one f these verbs:

   Keep   pay   attack   give   invite   use   ask

   Example: Mr. Miller doesn't like being kept waiting.

1, He came to the party without being invited.

2，She won’t go out alone after dark. She is afraid of being attacked.

3, I don’t like being asked stupie questions.

4, Few people are prepared to work without being paid.

5, Ms. Kelly doesn’t like her phone being used by other people.

6, Most people like being given presents.

 

D. Complete the sentences. Make a passive sentence with get and one of these verbs:

   Break   sting   use damage   hurt   steal

Example: There was a fight at the party, but nobody got hurt.

1, Ted got stung by a bee while he was sitting in the garden.

2, How did that window get broken?

3, Did any of these houses get damaged in the storm last night?

4, These tennis courts don’t get used often. Not many peole want to play.

5, I used to have a bicycle, but it got stole.

 

“get+过去分词”构成的被动语态

英语被动语态通常由“助动词be+过去分词”构成，有时也可用“get+过去分词”构成。如：

James got beaten last night. 詹姆斯昨晚被打了。

How did that window get opened? 那个窗户是如何打开的？

但总的说来，用get构成的被动语态不如用be构成的被动语态常见，尤其是在含有施动者的by短语时，用get构成被动语态更是少见。不过有时用be+过去分词构成被动语态构成误解时，人们可能会选get+过去分词来避免这种误解：

The window was broken. 窗户破了(表状态)。/ 窗户被打破了(表动作)

The window got broken. 窗户被打破了(表动作)

 

Have something done

 

A.     Study this example situation:

The roof of Bill’s house was damaged in a storm, so he arranged for a worker to repair ti. Yesterday the worker came and did the job.

Bill had the roof repaired yesterday.

This means: Bill didn’t repare the roof himself. He arranged for someone else to do it for him.

Compare:   Bill repaired the roof. (= he did it himself)

           Bill had the roof repaired. (= he arranged for someone else to do it)

Now study these sentences:

           Did Ann design her business cards herself or did she have them designed?

           Are you going to repair the car yourself, or are you gong to have it repaired?

To say that we arrange for someone else to do something for us, we use the structure have something done. The work order is important: the past participle ( done / repaired, etc.) comes after the object ( the roof):

 

           Bill had the roof repaired yesterday.

           Where did you have your hair done?

           We are having the house painted right now.

           Tom has just had a telephone installed in his house.

           How often do you have your car serviced:

           Why don’t you have that coat cleaned”

           I want to have my picture taken.

 

B.      “Get something done” is possible instead of have something done ( mainly in informal spoken English):

           I think you should get your hair cut. (= have your hair cut)

 

C.      Have something done sometimes has a different meaning. For example:

           He had all his money stolen while he was on vacation.

This doesn’t mean that he arranged for somebody to steal his money! “He had all his money stolen” means only:” All his money was stolen.”

With this meaning, we use have something done to say that something ( often something not nice ) happened to someone: George had his nose broken in a fight.. ( = his nose was broken )

 

D.     Exercises

 

(A). Answer the questions in the way shown.

Example: “Did Liz make that dress herself?”  “No, she had it made.”

1, “Did you cut your hair yourself?”  “No, I had my hair cut.”

2, “Did they paint the house themselves?”  “No, they had the house painted.”

3, “Did Jim cut down that tree himself?”  “No, he had that tree cut down.”

4, “Did Sue repair the car herself?”   “No, she had the car repaired.”

 

(B). This time complete the sentences. Use the words in parentheses (. . . )

Example: We are having the house painted ( the house / paint ) at the moment..

        Did you have your hair cut ( you / your hair / cut ) last week?          

1, Your hair is too long. I think you should have it cut..

2, How often do you have your car tuned up?

3, The engine in Tom’s car couldn’t be repaired, so he had to had a new engine put in.

4, Did you have your newspaper delivered or do you buy it yourself at the store?

5, A: What are those workers doing in your garden?

  B: Oh, I have a swinmming pool build.

6, A: Can I see the pictures you took on your vacation?

  B: I’m afraid not. I didn’t have the film developed.

7, Is it true that many years ago he had his portrait painted by a famous artist?

 

(C). Now read each situation and then write a sentence with have something done.

    Example: Jill’s coat was dirty, so she took it to the cleaners. Now it is clean. What has Jill done? She has had her coat cleaned.

    1, Tom thinks his eyesight is getting worse, so he’s going to the eye doctor. What is Tom going to do there? He is going to have his eyesight examined.

    2, Sue is at the beauty parlor at the moment. A hairdresser is cutting her hair. What is Sue doing? She is having her hair cut.

    3, Ann’s watch was broken, so she took it to a jeweler. Now it’s working again. What has Ann done? She had has her watch repared.

 

(D). Now use have something done with its second meaning (see section c ).

    Example: George’s nose was broken in a fight. What happened to George?

            He had his nose broken in a fight.

    1, John’s wallet was stolen from his pocket. What happened to John? He had his wallet stolen from his pocket..

    2, Fred’s hat was blown off by the wind. What happened to Fred? He had his hat blown off..

    3, Carol’s passport was taken from her at the police station. What happened to Carol? He had his passport taken.