己酮可可碱治疗睾丸扭转有益 

    睾丸扭转是在精索扭转的同时发生的急症，多发生在青少年。发病急骤，患病一侧睾丸和阴囊会剧烈疼痛。扭转初起时疼痛还局限在阴囊部位，以后会向下腹和会阴部发展，同时还会伴有呕吐、恶心或发热，阴部出现红肿、压痛。由于精索也随之扭转，精索内的血管被阻断，睾丸缺乏血液供应，如不及时治疗，睾丸会发生缺血性坏死，颜色发黑，逐渐萎缩以致功能丧失。常常容易误诊，不得不接受手术治疗。

    目前尚少有药物治疗睾丸扭转益处的报道，Savas等实验研究评估己酮可可碱对睾丸扭转和不全扭转的脂质过氧化物和组织学的影响。结果发现己酮可可碱可使睾丸扭转和不全扭转的睾丸重灌注损害并增加血流量。

Pentoxifylline Attenuates Reperfusion Injury in Testicular Torsion

Savas C，Dindar H，Bilgehan A，Ataoglu O，Yucesan S. Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology，2002；36（1）：65 – 70.

Abstract: Objectives: An experimental study was designed to evaluate the effects of pentoxifylline (Ptx) on lipid peroxidation, and histopathology in both testes after unilateral testicular torsion and detorsion.
Materials and Methods: Forty adult male albino Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of sham operation, sham operation with Ptx, torsion and detorsion, torsion and detorsion with Ptx. After intraperitoneal administration of Ptx at a dose of 50 mg/kg 15 min before torsion; right testes of the rats underwent 30 min of torsion and 30 min of detorsion. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were assayed and histopathological changes were evaluated in both testes of all groups.
Results: Unilateral testicular torsion and detorsion caused an increase in the MDA levels of both testes. Histopathological evaluation showed interstitial hemorrhage on the ipsilateral side. Pentoxifylline decreased MDA levels on both side, and attenuated interstitial injury on the ipsilateral side.
Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that pentoxifylline treatment attenuates reperfusion damage on both side, possibly with its effects on blood flow and neutrophils. However, further studies are necessary to evaluate the effects of pentoxifylline on testicular torsion.