如何做完型填空(一)----高三英语篇
(2011-09-29 13:25:21)
标签:
完形填空技巧解析暗示关键词 |
分类: 教学心得 |
完型填空的考点设置
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技巧1
1. On August 26,1999,New York City was struck by a terrible rainstorm . The rain caused the streets to __ and the subway system almost came to a stop.
A. break
2. One day a young man was cleaning out his grandfather’s belongings when he came across a red envelope. Written on the ___ were the words, “ To my grandson.”
A.paper
答案
解析:第1题首句中有rainstorm作为暗示;第2题首句中有envelop作为暗示,有的同学选D,杂志有封皮,信封是不用这个单词的。要注意的第一句往往是没有空的,就是要给大家一个完整的信息。
技巧1:重视首句
技巧2
1.…The mother was holding the baby. The little girl had some food stuck in her throat, and could hardly breathe. The ambulance drove them to __ .
2.…After the birth of my second child, I got a job at a restaurant. After working with an experienced __ for a few days, I was allowed to wait tables on my own.
A. manager
答案 1.C
解析:第1题中,孩子吃东西卡住喉咙,救护车…..the ambulance 给大家很好的暗示,急救车在紧急的情况下肯定就去最近的医院。 第2题中got a job at a restaurant, wait tables 给大家提示,这是在饭店当服务员。
技巧2:进行合理的上下文推测
技巧3
1.A number of related causes may
contribute to aging. Some cells have a fairly long life, but they
aren’t replaced when they die. As a person __ , the number of brain
cells and muscle cells decrease. Other body cells are replaced by
new cells. In an aging person, the new cells may not be as viable
(能生存的)
A.grows
2.Often some adults behave aggressively themselves, sending children the message that winning is everything. Many parents go to children’s sporting events and shout at other players or cheer when their children behave __.
A. proudly
答案:1.C
解析:第1题中反复提出aging, 再有出现decrease降低减少的单词,所以我们不能选择A,而只能选择C。同理,第2题中首句中提到aggressively,之后提到竞技活动、体育项目,所以我们选择“有冲劲”的词义,所以排除D,同学易误选的一项,最终选择C。
技巧3:注意词汇的复现
技巧4
1.They had been friends since Grade 3 ; as a result of this, they had ___ many of their school experience.
A.learned
2.People think children should play sports. Sports are fun and children keep healthy while playing. However, sports can have ____ effects on children.
A.restrictive
答案:1. D
解析:第1题中,过渡词是as a result of,表示因果关系,句意:他们从三年级以来就是好朋友,所以他们有着许多的共同经历。在这个句意理解的基础上,只有share共同拥有、分享词义比较接近我们所需要的意思。第2题中,Sports are fun and children keep healthy 是说明运动的优点和好处。However 一次之后必定是转折,要表达否定的缺点内容,所以,选择B negative。由此可见,however 是关键词。
技巧4:关注过渡词语
技巧5
1.Apparently, though nobody wants to be alone all the time, everyone need some privacy(私人权利). When people are together, they are in what is called a stress situation. That means they are under an unusually amount of __ or stress.
A. emphasis
2.Unlike his generous brother, Mike is a __ guy, who never makes any donation.
A. mean
答案:1. D
解析: 第1题中不仅有多处出现stress,而且有or 作为并列选择,所以选D。第2题中,首先unlike作为一个暗示词,我们判断出Mike
是他哥哥不同的人,他哥哥的特点是generous(慷慨大方的), 描述Mike特点的单词肯定是generous 的反义词,故选mean 小气的。
技巧5:利用好同义、近义词和反义词
技巧6
1.We keep in touch __ writing often.
A. with
2.There are many different ways of seeing a town for the first time. One of them is to walk around it, guide - book ___ hand.
A. in
3. You didn’t know what great difficulty
A. have persuaded
C. had persuaded
答案:1. D
解析:第1题考查by doing (通过某种方式),当有的同学会误选A,因为keep in touch with …也是一个固定搭配,这种情况下就要根据句意选择哪个搭配更近一些。第2题考查独立主格结构。第3题考查have difficulty in doing……,difficulty提前作先行词,后面跟着一个定语从句。需要提到的一点是,在句中如何辨别定语从句----跟在名词后面的从句就是定语从句或者同位语从句,一旦连词省略或者that 在从句中充当主语或者宾语成分,那么这肯定是个定语从句。从另外一个角度讲,在句中如果看到两个名词、两个代词或者一个名词一个代词前后紧跟着的时候,这里往往就是一个省略掉连词的定语从句。
技巧6:掌握好固定搭配
技巧7
1.It is the ability to do the job __ matters , not where you come from or what you are.
A.one
2.If an excellent Chinese novel is put into English, __ means many more people in the world can read it.
A.as
3.__ was most important to her , she told me , was her family.
A. It
答案:1. B
解析:第1题中,根据我们的做题思路遇到it is/was …,首先看是不是主语从句等固定句式,如果不是就判断强调句,加上所缺的部分,去掉整个强调句结构,看成分是否完整。此句的句意是:是工作的能力重要,而不是你从哪里来或者你做什么工作(重要)。第2题句意:如果一部优秀的中文小说被翻译成英语,那就意味着世界上将有更过的人读这本书。大多数同学能读懂句意,但做不对题,下面我们从结构上分析一下:根据我们讲单项选择做题思路的方法,除非并列,否则通常情况下,动词和连词的关系是n-1(n是动词)。此题中is, mean, read,三个动词就需要两个连词,我们能找到if,还有一个连词,眼力强的同学就能辨别出means后面的宾语从句省略了that ,因此我们判断此空需要一个代词而不是连词,这一点我们在单项选择做题技巧中讲过。这样,我们把连词的A B C 选项都排除,只剩下D。
技巧7:从句子结构入手
技巧8
1.There’re 8 tips in his lecture on sleep, and one of them is : __ to bed early unless you think it is necessary.
A. Not going
2.He wrote 5 books, two of __ were translated into English.
A.which
3.He wrote 5 books ; two of __ were translated into English.
A.which
答案:1. C
解析:在以上三道题中,我们要记清:冒号起解释说明作用,起解释说明作用的还有破折号----;分号相当于一个连词。
技巧8:注意标点符号
技巧9
1.The environmental protection in Heilongjiang Province has huge effects on northeast and northern China. Besides, many rivers and water system in it reach neighboring __ , so the ecological effect stretches beyond China’s borders.
A.Japan
2.
At first, we won a burst of warm and long applause, which
inspired us to be “Faster, Higher, Stronger” in the coming matches.
However, just as a saying goes: “More haste, less
speed.”
A. met our Big Day
C. met our Watergate
答案:1. B
解析:第1题比较容易,这属于常识:俄罗斯是我们国家东北边境的邻居。第2题:从语文和历史的角度,孩子很容易理解,但从英语的角度来讲,很多孩子就不会。A Big Day “大日子,重要的日子”; D-Day,军事用语,本来描述的是诺曼底登陆,后来引用为 “难熬的一天”;Watergate 表达的意思是水门事件;Waterloo是滑铁卢,比喻失败。Waterloo是我们需要的意思,故选D。
技巧9:拓宽知识面
你记住这些做题技巧了吗?让我们再次复习一下:
完型填空解题技巧回顾
技巧 1—— 重视首句
技巧 2 —— 进行合理的上下文推测
技巧 3—— 注意词汇的复现
技巧 4 —— 关注过渡词语
技巧 5 —— 利用好同义、近义词和反义词
技巧 6 —— 掌握好固定搭配
技巧 7 —— 从句子结构入手
技巧 8 —— 注意标点符号
技巧 9 —— 拓宽知识面
经典总结:完型填空做题技巧介绍完毕。在结束的时候,我提醒孩子们:做完型填空首先要放松,不要一做完型填空就害怕,这样做不好题。第二点:把做完型填空题当作20个单项选择,只不过这20个特殊的单项选择是有联系的,有上下文连接的,有语境的。第三点:仔细的同学一定要记住也要在这方面加强练习,这就是在句中找暗示找关键词,从已知信息中去分析推测未知信息,站在作者的观点去理解全文。想想看,有的同学错题一大片,有的同学只错一两个,原因就在于这些同学会找暗示会捕捉关键信息。就好像我把钥匙放在教桌上,有的同学能看到,有的同学的眼睛就跟透视一样,就是看不见。我们每个人都有同样的经历,就是要找的物品就在眼前,但一时疏忽就是找不到。这个钥匙这个物品就是我们完型填空题中的暗示词、关键词。
这是我教学一线的心得,在这些技巧中,我发现孩子掌握固定搭配的情况不容乐观;句法不够扎实,遇到长难句不会分析。针对这一点,我们将在下一次的学习中再作练习讲解。至于第一点固定搭配,孩子们必须自己常积累常背诵。祝大家学习愉快。
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(感谢同事提供的习题素材。)
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