英语中表示强意否定的词语
(2013-09-15 00:15:14)
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英语句法否定句教育 |
表示强意否定的词语
——录自《自学参考系列手册·句法手册》第三章
英语各种功能句
编者
第二节 否定句中常用否定词语
添加词语是英语表示强调的一种重要的手段。在否定句中跟肯定句中一样,也可使用强意词语。这里介绍一些常用于否定句的强意词语。
1. 某些名词词组
⑴表示最微小数量的名词词组,如:a bit、a breath、a drop、a rap、a word等。
例:I'm not a bit tired now. 我现在一点儿也不累。
How hot it is! There is not a breath of air.天气真热! 没有一丝儿风。
Thank you, not a drop more. 谢谢你,一点也不能再喝了。
I was without a rap just then. 那时候我身无分文。
⑵表示低贱事物的名词词组,如:a fig、a nut、a pin、a rush、a straw等。
例:That is not worth a fig. 那东西一文不值。
I do not care a nut about it. 我对此毫不在乎。
That ring is not worth a pin. 那个戒指不值钱。
It is not worth a rush. 它不值一文钱。
It doesn't matter a straw. 一点也没有关系。
2. 某些类似最高级或表示最大范围的词语
⑴the least,the slightest等类似形容词最高级词语
例:There is not the slightest hope of his recovery.他的康复毫无半点希望。
To tell you the truth,I have not the least idea about his plan.说真的,我压根儿不知道他的计划。
⑵表示最大范围或包括全部的词语,如:(not) at all (一点也不)、for the life of me (无论如何也不..., 死也不肯...)、for love or money (无论如何)、for all the world (无论如何)、on earth (在世上, 究竟)、under the sun (天下, 究竟)等。
例:He is not angry at all.他一点儿也不生气。
I cannot for the life of me to recollect where I put it. 我无论如何想不起把它放在哪里了。
The book is so rare that it cannot be had for love or money. 这书很稀少,无论如何也不能得到它。
He would not give up smoking for all the world.他无论如何不肯戒姻。
I wouldn't do it for all the world. 我决不会这样做。
Nothing on
earth will satisfy him.
Nothing under the sun is more lovely than this.天下没有比这更可爱的了。
3. 加用not或little表示强意否定
⑴在否定句后,加上not和某些介词短语
例:He is not foolish, not by a long shot! 他不蠢,一点也不!
I haven't given up hope,not by a long sight.我没有放弃希望,一点也没有!
We’ll never permit a thing like that to happen,not on your life! 我们决不允许类似事情发生,决不允许。
⑵not后跟half,nearly,possibly表示强意的否定。
例:The rope is not half
long enough.
It’s not nearly so easy as you think.这远不是你所想的那么容易。
He cannot possibly forget it. 他无论如何也不会忘记。
⑶某些副词与动词连用句子谓语,能表示强烈的否定
①“little+dream/know/think/…”动词结构表强意否定,等于not at all。
副词little(毫不)与believe、dream、expect、guess、imagine、know、realize、suspect、think、understand等动词连用,通常置于这些动词之前,表“完全否定”的意义。
例:She little believes. 她一点也不相信。
He little dreamed/Little did he dream that he could have succeeded in passing the examination.
他做梦也没想到考试会及格。
He little know/Little does he know that the police are about to arrest him。他一点也不知道警察就要逮捕他了。
They little suspect that their plot has been discovered.他们丝毫没有想到他们的阴谋已被人发现了。
②以go forever(一去不复返)、go west(上西天/死)、go against(不利于)作谓语的句子。
例:His chance of study has gone west.他永无学习的机会了。
It goes against my stomach.这不合我的口味。
Gone forever are the days when we depended on“foreign oil.”我们依靠洋油的日子一去不复返了。
4. 某些插入语及含any或not的介词短语可表示强意否定
⑴still/much less (何况/更不用说)、let alone (更不必说)、to say nothing of (何况/更不必说)、not to mention (更不必说/更谈不上)、not to speak of (更不用说/当然)、to say the least (退一步说)、in vain (徒然)等附加在句中,继前面的否定以对相关的某一事作更强的否定。
例:He does not know arithmetic,still less algebra.他连算术都不懂,更别提代数了。
I have not missed a lecture once,let alone of ten.我从未缺过一次课,更别说经常了。
I am not familiar with French grammar,to say nothing of rhetoric. 我对法语语法都不熟悉,更别说修辞学了。
Lying is a bad habit, to say the least of it. 说谎至少说起来也是一种恶劣的行为。
She has never entered a chemistry laboratory,not to speak of working in one.
她从来没有进过化学实验室,更不用说在里面工作过。
We tried to persuade him to
give up the attempt, but in vain.
⑵用含有any或no的介词短语
①某些含有any的介词短语,如by any means (无论如何)、on any account (无论如何)、in any way (以任何方式),at any time (任何时候),under any circumstances (在任何情况下)等与not连用。
例:He is not wanting in courage by any means.他决不是没有勇气。
We must not do it on any account.无论如何我们决不可以干这种事。
②如果在肯定句中,使用相对的含有no的介词短语,如by no means (决不),at no time (决不),in no way (决不)等,也就变成了强意否定句。
This answer is by no means satisfactory.这个回答决非令人满意。
At no time will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.无论任何时候,中国决不首先使用核武器。
⑶相类似的还有anything like
(根本【不】)、anywhere near
(一点也【不】)、anything but
(绝不,
并不),but that
(若不)、nowhere near
(差得远
例:She isn't anywhere near as kind as he is. 她根本不象他那样和气。
It's not anything like as hot today as it was yesterday.今天根本不象昨天那么热。
I will do anything but go there. 我决不到那里去。
That's anything but true. 那决不是真的。
He is anything but honest.【=He isn't an honest man at all.】他根本不是一个诚实的人。
I will do anything but that.【=I’ll never do that.】 我决不干那件事。
But that you helped us,we should have failed.【=If you hadn't helped us, we should have failed.】
要是没有你们帮助,我们就失败了。
Today's game was nowhere near as exciting as yesterday's.今天的比赛一点也不象昨天的精彩。
从以上例句可以看出nowhere near= not anywhere near=not nearly。
5. 某些副词与否定词结合就具有强意否定
⑴whatever (无论什么)或whatsoever在否定句中意“丝毫不”。
例:There is no doubt whatever about it.关于这一点,没有任何疑问。
I know nothing whatever about it. 关于这件事我什么也不知道。
They have no reason whatsoever to give up the project.他们毫无半点理由放弃这个项目。
Whatsoever一词多用于英国,美语一般不用;它比whatever语气更强,都含有at all的意义,也是一种包括全部的词,放在名词的后面。
⑵某些以-ly结尾的副词
例:It is certainly not a question of method.这当然不是一个方法问题。
What she has said is something decidedly not to his liking.她所说的肯定不是他所喜欢的东西。
(第三章功能句 第二节否定句中常用否定词语内容续完)

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