§ 225.       Contested election of directors; proceedings to determine validity.

第225节         有争议的董事选举；决定有效性的程序

(a)         Upon application of any stockholder or director, or any officer whose title to office is contested, the Court of Chancery may hear and determine the validity of any election, appointment, removal or resignation of any director or officer of any corporation, and the right of any person to hold or continue to hold such office, and, in case any such office is claimed by more than 1 person, may determine the person entitled thereto; and to that end make such order or decree in any such case as may be just and proper, with power to enforce the production of any books, papers and records of the corporation relating to the issue. In case it should be determined that no valid election has been held, the Court of Chancery may order an election to be held in accordance with § 211 or § 215 of this title. In any such application, service of copies of the application upon the registered agent of the corporation shall be deemed to be service upon the corporation and upon the person whose title to office is contested and upon the person, if any, claiming such office; and the registered agent shall forward immediately a copy of the application to the corporation and to the person whose title to office is contested and to the person, if any, claiming such office, in a postpaid, sealed, registered letter addressed to such corporation and such person at their post-office addresses last known to the registered agent or furnished to the registered agent by the applicant stockholder. The Court may make such order respecting further or other notice of such application as it deems proper under the circumstances.

应任何股东或董事、职位受到质疑的任何高级职员申请，衡平法庭可对案件进行审理并裁定任何公司的任何董事或高级职员的选举、任命、免职或辞职的有效性；裁定任何人任职或继续任职该等职务的权利。如果多人就任何上述职务提出权利主张，则衡平法庭可以就有权任职该职务的人员做出裁定。并且，法庭将为此发布公平适当的命令或判决，并有权强制要求涉案公司编制与上述情况相关的公司账簿、文件或记录。如果裁定结果是并未进行有效的选举，则衡平法庭可以命令根据本篇第211节或215节之规定进行选举。在处理任何该等申请时，将申请书的副本送达公司注册代理人应被视为送达给公司、其任职受到质疑的人员以及就该职位提出权利主张的人员（如有）。公司注册代理人应当立即将该申请书副本转交给公司、其职位受到质疑的人、以及就该职位提出权利主张的人（如有）。转交该申请书副本时，应当以邮资预付的方式、以密封的挂号信函寄送至注册代理人最新了解的、或者由提出申请的股东提供给注册代理人的、公司及上述人员的邮政地址。法庭可以根据实际情况适当命令就该等申请提供进一步的、或其他通知。

(b)         Upon application of any stockholder or upon application of the corporation itself, the Court of Chancery may hear and determine the result of any vote of stockholders upon matters other than the election of directors or officers. Service of the application upon the registered agent of the corporation shall be deemed to be service upon the corporation, and no other party need be joined in order for the Court to adjudicate the result of the vote. The Court may make such order respecting notice of the application as it deems proper under the circumstances.

应任何股东提出的、或公司本身提出的申请，衡平法庭可以经审理后对股东就除董事或高级职员选举之外的其他事项的表决结果做出裁定。将上述申请送达公司注册代理人应被视为送达公司。任何其他当事方无需为了方便法庭就表决结果做出裁定而加入案件当中。法庭可以根据相关情况就申请通知发布其认为适当的其他命令。

(c)         If 1 or more directors has been convicted of a felony in connection with the duties of such director or directors to the corporation, or if there has been a prior judgment on the merits by a court of competent jurisdiction that 1 or more directors has committed a breach of the duty of loyalty in connection with the duties of such director or directors to that corporation, then, upon application by the corporation, or derivatively in the right of the corporation by any stockholder, in a subsequent action brought for such purpose, the Court of Chancery may remove from office such director or directors if the Court determines that the director or directors did not act in good faith in performing the acts resulting in the prior conviction or judgment and judicial removal is necessary to avoid irreparable harm to the corporation. In connection with such removal, the Court may make such orders as are necessary to effect such removal. In any such application, service of copies of the application upon the registered agent of the corporation shall be deemed to be service upon the corporation and upon the director or directors whose removal is sought; and the registered agent shall forward immediately a copy of the application to the corporation and to such director or directors, in a postpaid, sealed, registered letter addressed to such corporation and such director or directors at their post office addresses last known to the registered agent or furnished to the registered agent by the applicant. The Court may make such order respecting further or other notice of such application as it deems proper under the circumstances.

如果一名或多名董事因其作为公司董事的职责而被判犯有重罪，或者有司法管辖权法庭已经就案件的情况做出了判决，认定该一名或多名董事违反了其作为公司董事而应当向公司承担的忠诚责任，那么应公司的申请、或者任何股东为了公司的利益提出的申请，在随后为此提起的诉讼中，如果衡平法庭认定该一名或多名董事在实施相关行为时并非善意行事，因而导致了之前的有罪判决或审判，并且为了避免给公司造成不可挽回的损害，有必要根据司法程序将其免职，则法庭可以免去此等一名或多名董事的职务。为了使上述免职生效，法庭可以签发必要的法庭命令。在处理该等申请时，将申请副本送达公司注册代理人应被视为送达公司以及将要被免职的一位或多位董事。注册代理人应当迅速将该申请副本转交给公司及该（等）董事。转交时，需要将该副本以邮资预付的方式、通过密封的挂号信函寄至该注册代理人最新知晓的、或者申请人提供给注册代理人的公司及该（等）董事的邮政地址。法庭可以根据实际情况，签发适当的法庭命令，就该等申请的进一步的、或其他通知事项做出规定。

8 Del. C. 1953, § 225; 56 Del. Laws, c. 50; 63 Del. Laws, c. 25, § 11; 65 Del. Laws, c.127, § 7; 74 Del. Laws, c. 84, § 9; 76 Del. Laws, c. 252, § 3; 77 Del. Laws, c. 14, § 10;77 Del. Laws, c. 253, § 26.;

1953年特拉华州法典第8篇第225节；特拉华州法律第56卷第50章；特拉华州法律第63卷第25章第11节；特拉华州法律第65卷第127章第7节；特拉华州法律第74卷第84章第9节；特拉华州法律第76卷第252章第3节；特拉华州法律第77卷第14章第10节；特拉华州法律第77卷第253章第26节；

§ 226.       Appointment of custodian or receiver of corporation on deadlock or for other cause.

第226节         出现僵局时、或为了其他原因指定公司财产保管人或接收人

(a)         The Court of Chancery, upon application of any stockholder, may appoint 1 or more persons to be custodians, and, if the corporation is insolvent, to be receivers, of and for any corporation when:

在下列情况下，衡平法庭可应任何股东申请，任命一人或多人担任任何公司的财产保管人，并在公司资不抵债的情况下担任公司接收人：

(1)   At any meeting held for the election of directors the stockholders are so divided that they have failed to elect successors to directors whose terms have expired or would have expired upon qualification of their successors; or

在选举董事大会上，各股东出现势均力敌的分歧，因而未能选出继任董事，而现任董事任期已经届满，或者接任因继任者具备任职资格而任期届满；或者

(2)   The business of the corporation is suffering or is threatened with irreparable injury because the directors are so divided respecting the management of the affairs of the corporation that the required vote for action by the board of directors cannot be obtained and the stockholders are unable to terminate this division; or

公司董事之间就公司事务管理出现了势均力敌的分歧，导致董事会未能按要求获得表决票数以便采取公司行为，而且公司董事不能终止这种分歧。此等情况导致公司正遭受或可能会遭受无法挽回的损害；或者

(3)   The corporation has abandoned its business and has failed within a reasonable time to take steps to dissolve, liquidate or distribute its assets.

公司已经停止业务经营，并且未能在合理时间内采取合理步骤进行解散、清算或资产分配。

(b)       A custodian appointed under this section shall have all the powers and title of a receiver appointed under § 291 of this title, but the authority of the custodian is to continue the business of the corporation and not to liquidate its affairs and distribute its assets, except when the Court shall otherwise order and except in cases arising under paragraph (a)(3) of this section or § 352(a)(2) of this title.

在本节项下指定的财产保管人应当享有本篇第291节项下指定之接收人所享有的所有权利和职权，但是财产保管人的授权是继续公司业务，而不是进行清算及财产分配，但法庭另有命令的、以及本节第(a)(3)段以及本篇第352(a)(2)节项下产生的情况除外。

(c)         In the case of a charitable nonstock corporation, the applicant shall provide a copy of any application referred to in subsection (a) of this section to the Attorney General of the State of Delaware within 1 week of its filing with the Court of Chancery.

对于慈善性质的非股份公司，申请人应当在向衡平法庭提交本节(a)款中所提到的申请书后的一周之内，将申请书副本提交至特拉华州总检察长。

8 Del. C. 1953, § 226; 56 Del. Laws, c. 50; 77 Del. Laws, c. 253, § 27.;

1953年特拉华州法典第8篇第226节；特拉华州法律第56卷第50章；特拉华州法律第77卷第253章第27节；

§ 227.       Powers of Court in elections of directors.

第227节         法庭在董事选举中的权力

(a)         The Court of Chancery, in any proceeding instituted under § 211, § 215 or § 225 of this title may determine the right and power of persons claiming to own stock to vote at any meeting of the stockholders.

衡平法庭在根据本篇第211节、215节或225节提起的任何诉讼程序中，可以就主张拥有公司股份的人在任何股东大会上进行表决的权利和权力做出裁定。

(b)         The Court of Chancery may appoint a Master to hold any election provided for in § 211, § 215 or § 225 of this title under such orders and powers as it deems proper; and it may punish any officer or director for contempt in case of disobedience of any order made by the Court; and, in case of disobedience by a corporation of any order made by the Court, may enter a decree against such corporation for a penalty of not more than $5,000.

衡平法庭可以指定一名法官助理，根据法庭认为适当的命令和权力进行本篇第211节、215节和225节项下的任何选举，并对不遵守法庭命令的任何高级职员或董事以蔑视罪进行处罚。如果公司违反法庭命令，则法庭可以判定该公司承担不超过5000美元的罚款。

8 Del. C. 1953, § 227; 56 Del. Laws, c. 50; 77 Del. Laws, c. 253, § 28.;

1953年特拉华州法典第8篇第227节；特拉华州法律第56卷第50章；特拉华州法律第77卷第253章第28节

§ 228.       Consent of stockholders or members in lieu of meeting.

第228节         以股东或成员的批准代替会议

(a)         Unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, any action required by this chapter to be taken at any annual or special meeting of stockholders of a corporation, or any action which may be taken at any annual or special meeting of such stockholders, may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if a consent or consents in writing, setting forth the action so taken, shall be signed by the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted and shall be delivered to the corporation by delivery to its registered office in this State, its principal place of business or an officer or agent of the corporation having custody of the book in which proceedings of meetings of stockholders are recorded. Delivery made to a corporation's registered office shall be by hand or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested.

除公司注册证明中另有规定之外，本章要求在任何年度股东会议或特别股东会议上采取的任何行为、或者可以在此等会议上采取的任何行为，都可以在不召开会议、无需事先通知、不经投票表决的情况下实施，只要已发行在外股份的持有人签署一份或多份书面批准文件，并在文件中列明所采取的行动即可。但签署上述书面批准文件的股份持有人所持有的表决票数不得低于在所有享有大会表决权股份持有人都参加、并行使表决权的会议上，授权或实施该等行为所必须的最低表决票数；并且，将该书面文件交送至该公司设在本州的注册办公地，或者交送至负责保管用以记录股东会议程序的记录薄的公司主要经营地、高级职员或代理人的，即视为交送给公司。交送至公司注册办公地可以采用专人递送，或者通过保证邮件或挂号信寄送，并要求回执。

(b)         Unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, any action required by this chapter to be taken at a meeting of the members of a nonstock corporation, or any action which may be taken at any meeting of the members of a nonstock corporation, may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if a consent or consents in writing, setting forth the action so taken, shall be signed by members having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all members having a right to vote thereon were present and voted and shall be delivered to the corporation by delivery to its registered office in this State, its principal place of business or an officer or agent of the corporation having custody of the book in which proceedings of meetings of members are recorded. Delivery made to a corporation's registered office shall be by hand or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested.

除公司注册证明中另有规定之外，本章要求在非股份公司成员会议上采取的任何行为，或者可以在非股份公司成员会议上采取的任何行为都可以在不召开会议、无需事先通知、并不经投票表决的情况下实施。只要享有表决权的公司成员签署一份或多份书面批准文件，并在文件中列明所采取的行为即可，而且该等签字成员所持有的表决权不得低于在享有大会表决权的所有公司成员都参加、并行使其表决权的会议上授权或实施该等行为所必须的最低表决票数。并且，将上述书面批准文件送达公司时，只需将其送达公司设在本州的注册办公地、或者送达负责保管用以记录公司成员会议程序的记录薄的公司主要经营地、高级职员或代理人即可。交送至公司注册办公地可以采用专人递送，或者通过保证邮件或挂号信寄送，并要求回执。

(c)         Every written consent shall bear the date of signature of each stockholder or member who signs the consent, and no written consent shall be effective to take the corporate action referred to therein unless, within 60 days of the earliest dated consent delivered in the manner required by this section to the corporation, written consents signed by a sufficient number of holders or members to take action are delivered to the corporation by delivery to its registered office in this State, its principal place of business or an officer or agent of the corporation having custody of the book in which proceedings of meetings of stockholders or members are recorded. Delivery made to a corporation's registered office shall be by hand or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested.

每一份书面批准文件都应当标明就其做出批准的各股东或公司成员签署该文件的日期。在标注日期最早的书面批准文件按照本节所述方式送达公司后的60天内，以送达公司设在本州注册办公地、或者送达负责保管用以记录股东会议或公司成员会议之会议程序的记录薄的公司主要营业地、公司高级职员或代理人的方式送达公司的书面批准文件，对其进行签署认可的公司股东或成员数量达到采取公司行为所需数量的，该等书面批准文件方具备实施公司行为的效力。将上述书面批准文件交送至公司注册办公地时，可以采用专人递送，也可以通过保证邮件或挂号信寄送，并要求回执。

(d)           (1)      A telegram, cablegram or other electronic transmission consenting to an action to be taken and transmitted by a stockholder, member or proxy holder, or by a person or persons authorized to act for a stockholder, member or proxy holder, shall be deemed to be written, signed and dated for the purposes of this section, provided that any such telegram, cablegram or other electronic transmission sets forth or is delivered with information from which the corporation can determine (A) that the telegram, cablegram or other electronic transmission was transmitted by the stockholder, member or proxy holder or by a person or persons authorized to act for the stockholder, member or proxy holder and (B) the date on which such stockholder, member or proxyholder or authorized person or persons transmitted such telegram, cablegram or electronic transmission. The date on which such telegram, cablegram or electronic transmission is transmitted shall be deemed to be the date on which such consent was signed. No consent given by telegram, cablegram or other electronic transmission shall be deemed to have been delivered until such consent is reproduced in paper form and until such paper form shall be delivered to the corporation by delivery to its registered office in this State, its principal place of business or an officer or agent of the corporation having custody of the book in which proceedings of meetings of stockholders or members are recorded. Delivery made to a corporation's registered office shall be made by hand or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested. Notwithstanding the foregoing limitations on delivery, consents given by telegram, cablegram or other electronic transmission, may be otherwise delivered to the principal place of business of the corporation or to an officer or agent of the corporation having custody of the book in which proceedings of meetings of stockholders or members are recorded if, to the extent and in the manner provided by resolution of the board of directors or governing body of the corporation.

由公司股东、成员或代表人，或者获得授权代表上述股东、成员或代表人行事的任何一人或多人发送的、表示同意实施某项行动的电报、海底电报或其他电子传输文件，为本节之目的，应被视为书面文件，根据本节之规定签署并标注日期。但是，任何该等电报、海底电报或其他电子传输文件应当列明或者随附相关信息，公司可根据此等信息确定（A）该电报、海底电报或其他电子传输文件是由该公司股东、成员、代表人，或者由获得授权代表该等股东、成员、代表人行事的一人或多人发送的；以及（B）该等股东、成员、代表人或获得授权的一人或多人发送该等电报、海底电报或电子传输文件的日期。上述电报、海底电报或电子传输文件发送的日期应被视为签署该批准文件的日期。通过电报、海底电报或其他电子传输文件发送的批准文件，在复制为纸质形式、并以交送至公司设在本州的注册办公地、或者交送负责保管用以记录公司股东会议或成员会议之会议程序的记录薄的公司主要营业地、公司高级职员或代理人的方式交送公司之时，方视为送达。送达公司注册办公地的，可以派专人交送，也可以通过保证邮件或挂号信、并要求回执的方式交送。尽管上文中就交付规定了限制条件，但是，如果公司董事会或管理机构通过决议规定，通过电报、海底电报或其他电子传输文件做出的批准也可以通过其他方式送达负责保管用以记录公司股东会议或成员会议之会议程序的记录薄的公司主要营业地、公司高级职员或代理人，那么该等书面批准文件就可以在上述决议批准的范围内、以决议规定的方式送达。

(2)   Any copy, facsimile or other reliable reproduction of a consent in writing may be substituted or used in lieu of the original writing for any and all purposes for which the original writing could be used, provided that such copy, facsimile or other reproduction shall be a complete reproduction of the entire original writing.

书面批准文件的复印件、传真件或其他可靠的复制文件可以替代或替换原文件，用于原文件的任何和所有目的，但是，该等复印件、传真件或其他复制文件应当对原文件进行完整的复制。

(e)         Prompt notice of the taking of the corporate action without a meeting by less than unanimous written consent shall be given to those stockholders or members who have not consented in writing and who, if the action had been taken at a meeting, would have been entitled to notice of the meeting if the record date for notice of such meeting had been the date that written consents signed by a sufficient number of holders or members to take the action were delivered to the corporation as provided in subsection (c) of this section. In the event that the action which is consented to is such as would have required the filing of a certificate under any other section of this title, if such action had been voted on by stockholders or by members at a meeting thereof, the certificate filed under such other section shall state, in lieu of any statement required by such section concerning any vote of stockholders or members, that written consent has been given in accordance with this section.

不经召开会议采取公司行动，并且据以采取公司行动的书面批准并非全体一致批准的，应当在采取公司行动时立即通知那些并未就此等公司行动做出书面批准的股东或成员。此外，假若以召开会议的方式采取公司行动，并将经足够股东或成员人数签署、足以据以采取公司行动的书面批准文件根据本节（c）款送达公司的日期视为该等会议通知的记录日期，那么以该记录日期为基础，有权收取此等会议通知的股东或成员也应当立即获得上述通知。如果已经获得书面批准的公司行动可能会因为本篇任何其他章节的规定需要提交备案一份证明，并且该公司行动已经获得公司股东或成员在股东会议或成员会议上表决通过，那么根据该等其他章节规定提交备案的证明中不需要根据该章节的要求就股东或成员投票表决的相关情况进行说明，只需要标明已经根据本节规定获得书面批准即可。

8 Del. C. 1953, § 228; 56 Del. Laws, c. 50; 56 Del. Laws, c. 186, § 14; 57 Del. Laws, c.148, § 16; 58 Del. Laws, c. 235, § 4; 66 Del. Laws, c. 136, §§ 12-14; 67 Del. Laws, c.376, §§ 7, 8; 70 Del. Laws, c. 349, § 4; 72 Del. Laws, c. 343, § 15; 73 Del. Laws, c. 82, §11; 77 Del. Laws, c. 14, § 11.;