THE FIFTEEN BUILDING BLOCKS OF PUTTING

 

CHAPTER 4

The Seven Building Blocks of Stroke Mechanics(推杆力学原理的七个模块)

4.1 First, Some Definitions（定义）

*** Ball-Hole Line （球洞线）

When we talk about the “ball-hole” line for any putt, we mean the straight line between where the ball sits (before you putt it) and the hole. The ball-hole line extends forever in both directions, and that it is the ball-hole line that most golfers walk to and stand on, behind their ball, as they first try to read the break of their putts.

球洞线指的是果岭上推击前的球与洞之间的直线连线，球洞线是向两头延伸的直线，当球员开始阅读“线”的时候，他总是站在球的后面，球洞线上。

*** Aimline（瞄准线）

Standing behind the ball trying to read the green, most golfers decide how much they think the putt is going to break and then where they are going to aim. They select a point of a direction where they intend to start their putt, and we refer to the line from the ball to that point or direction as “Aimline”, or desired initial starting line of the putt.

站在球后面读线，把球行进的折点作为瞄准的目标。选择这个方向上的一点，把球往这个点所在的方向推。我们把球与这个点或者这个方向的连线叫做瞄准线，或者说是推击起始线。

*** Ball Track(滚动轨迹)

The entire path that your putt takes is the “ball track”.

被推击的球的滚动轨迹。

*** Break（“线”）

The amount or size of the “break” played on a putt is a measure of the difference between the direction you aim and start the putt rolling, and where you want it to go. We define the amount of break as the distance between the Aimline and the nearest edge of the hole, measured along a line between the two.

“线”是指瞄准的方向与洞杯靠近瞄准线一侧的洞杯壁之间的距离。

4.2 Stroke Definitions (推击的一些定义)

Aim is a critical aspect of putting; you need to know not only where you are trying to aim, but also where you are actually aiming your putter, your stance and your stroke.

瞄准是推杆的关键，不仅仅需要知道自己瞄准的方向，还要知道如何瞄准杆面和站位，以及推杆时如何保证与推击线的一致。

*** Aim（瞄准）

Technically, when I refer to aim, I am referring to a direction. The direction of your aim can be at a place, like the edge of the hole, or at an object such as a discolored piece of grass, a spike mark, or anything you can see and define. What you choose to aim at can be anywhere along your aimline, from just in front of the ball to alongside of even past the hole. Only after you determine how much you expect your putt to break and define somewhere or something to aim at can the direction of our aim, your aimline, be visualized, located or marked on the green.

从技术上来说，瞄准就是瞄方向。瞄准的方向可以是一个位置，像洞杯壁，抑或一簇退色的草，一个鞋钉印，或者任何你可以看得到并确定的位置。这个位置可以在瞄准线的任何点上，从球前一直到洞杯后面。只有在确定了“线”和瞄准的位置或者瞄准的目标后，我们的瞄准线才是明确的并且有了直观的视觉。

*** Path (挥杆路径)

The track along which your putter travels is your “putter path”. It can move straight back and straight through in-line with your Aimline, it can cut across from outside-to-in or inside-to-out, or it can loop around your Aimlie.

推杆的挥杆路径可以沿着瞄准线直直向后，直直向前，也可以outside-to-in或者inside-to-out切过瞄准线，甚至可以绕着瞄准线环形挥杆。

*** Face angle(杆面角度)

A very important consideration is the putterface angle, which we define as the angle between the perpendicular to your putterface and your Aimlie. The face angle of your putter can be square to your Aimline throughout your stroke, or it can be open and closed. You must understand and remember that your putterface angle and putter path are completely independent of each other.

杆面角度是指瞄准线与杆面形成的角度。可以方正，也可以打开或闭合。每个人的杆面角度，挥杆路径都是很个性的事情。

*** Impact Point(击球点)

Your impact point refers to the center of the contact area between your ball and putter to the putterface. After many putts, your many impact points will form your impact pattern.

击球点是指球在杆面的触及点。经过多次推击后，击球点汇集成区，就可以看到个人的击球方式。

 

4.3 Defining Speed

*** Putt Speed (推杆速度)

The speed of a putt depends on its length, how fast it started, where it is along its ball track, how fast the green surface is, and the slope it is rolling on. For ever putt there is an optimum speed that will optimize the percentage of putts that would both hit, and stay in, the hole. We refer to a putt’s speed (while imagining its ball track) as how it relates to the optimum speed it should, or cold be, rolling.

影响推杆速度的因素有距离，起始速度，果岭的速度和行进中的坡度，每一个推杆都有一个最佳的速度，这个最佳速度最大限度保证了入洞率，我们所说的速度是指当球在我们想象的滚动轨迹中行进时与最佳速度的差异。

*** Green Speed

The speed of the surface of the green, or green speed, affect a ball’s roll in speed, direction and amount of break. The speed of the green is determined by the frictional characteristics of the surface of the green, which is controlled primarily by the length, type, density, and moisture content of the grass. Golf course superintendents traditionally measure the speed characteristics of greens using a device called the Stimpmeter.

果岭表面速度，或者是果岭速度，会影响球的滚动速度、滚动方向和球的“线”。果岭的速度是由果岭草的长度，种类，厚度和湿度形成的摩擦特性决定的，球会通常使用果岭测速仪来测定果岭的速度。

The Seven Building Blocks of Stroke Mechanics

(推杆力学原理的七个模块)

4.4 Aim(瞄准)

Everybody aims. It is aiming precisely where you want to aim that is more elusive. There is no feedback on a putting green to teach golfers how to aim properly. In the absence of feedback, a golfers use two inputs to guide their attempts to aim.

 人人都会“瞄”，问题是如何才能“准”。果岭上不会给你及时反馈让你知道自己的错误并纠正，所以球手们只能依靠两种信息。

*** Reaction Aiming（经验瞄准）

The way most golfers aim is to consider past results and then align themselves and their putter to correct for stroke faults and produce the results they want. Players who block their strokes to the right of their Aimline learn to aim to the left of the Aimline. Players who pull their putts to the left learn to aim to the right.

许多球手根据自己以往的推杆经验，来校正推杆的瞄准。经常会开杆推右的球手就会不由自主瞄瞄准线的左侧，反之，容易拉杆的则会瞄的右些。

*** Position Aiming(视线瞄准)

Position aiming is a golfer’s tendency to modify his or her reaction aim, based on the position of eyes relative to the Aimline.

Figure is a down-line view of a golfer standing over a short putt. In this example, his eyes are well inside the line (directly over a spot between his feet and the aimline), from this position, the golfer will look to the hole by turning his head, so his view of the hole will be from alignment angle A. On the next hole he faces a 15-footer; if his eye position is again over a spot between his feet and the aimline, then he is sure to misalign his putter (and likely miss the putt), because now his view has changed to alignment angle B. inconsistent alignment. The only way to align the putterface properly time after time is by positioning both eyes exactly vertically above the aimline so the alignment angle is always zero degrees for all putts.

球手的眼睛在瞄准线和双脚之间。球手转头往洞杯方向看，形成视线角度A；下一个洞，是15英尺的推杆，如果他的眼睛还是同样的位置，那么他肯定会错失这个推杆的，因为这时候他与洞杯的视线角度是B了。不稳定的瞄准!要想每一次瞄准都准确的唯一方法是让双眼置于球的正上方。这样与瞄准线的视线角度就永远是零度。

 

4.5 Power Source（力源）

*** Fingers, Hands, and Wrists (手指，手，腕)

These are the muscles that control most of the things we do in life, so use them in golf is instinctive and. But instinct and naturalness don’t necessarily mean correct. And, in fact, trying to find a way to putt that is both initially comfortable and natural usually leads to disaster.

这些在生活中常用的肌肉群会很本能地被用到推杆上，但是本能和自然在推杆中不意味着准确，如果想让自己舒服和完全自然那肯定推不好杆。

*** Forearm Rotation（前臂的转动）

Forearm rotation makes putting more difficult, more inconsistent.

前臂的转动使得推杆更容易出现问题，更加不稳定.

*** Body Power（身体力量）

Putting is a game in which delicate feel and touches create exactly the right speed. All body motions are unintentional. They produce unwanted power and directional instability.

推杆速度需要细腻的感觉和触球感，身体动作不是理想的力源，身体动作只会带来多余的推力和引起方向的不稳定。

*** Arm Power（手臂力量）

The gentle swinging of the arms (which also involves the shoulders) is the best power source. Imagine your arms are connected at your shoulders at one end and at the putter at the other end, forming a triangle, imagine letting this triangle become the pendulum of a grandfather clock, swinging back and forth with the same gentle, constant motion.

手臂和肩膀柔和的摆动是最好的力源，想象自己的手臂与肩头连接，另一头与推杆握把连接，形成一个三角，这个三角犹如钟摆，左右左右恒定匀速摆动。

 

4.6 Putter Path Is a Small Factor（挥杆路径因人而异）

*** The Screen Door (纱门式挥杆)

For many years, Harvey Penick, one of the game’s greatest teachers, taught that the putter should swing open on the backswing and swing closed on the follow-through like a screen door as it moved around a player’s body. He believed that the natural stroke path should move to the inside to the backswing and back to the inside on the follow-through.

哈维潘尼克，一个伟大的教练，他认为挥杆应该是绕着身体，上杆时打开，下杆时闭合，就像一扇纱门的开合。他认为自然的挥杆应该是上杆时在瞄准线的内侧，送杆时又回到瞄准线的内侧。

*** The Pendulums（钟摆式挥杆）

Pendulum A swing vertically below its suspension point, describing a back-and –forth in-line path along a straight line. Pendulum B is swinging at a 20-degree angle to the vertical, supported by a small force shown by arrow B, and describing a curved path around the spot directly below its suspension point. Pendulum C is swinging at the opposite 20-degree angle supported by arrow C, in a curved motion in the opposite direction around the spot below its suspension point.

All three pendulums are describing pure pendulum motions which occur in a gravitational field such as that found on Earth. But only pendulum A swings with gravity helping to determine its straight in-line path, without any rotation or curvature of the swing path. As you can see, both pendulums B and C require outside forces to keep them moving in circular motions.

钟摆A 在固定点下方垂直摆动，沿着一条直线左右摆动；

钟摆B 以与垂直线成20度的角度曲线摆动，需要力（箭头B）来支持；

钟摆C 摆动的角度与钟摆B一样，也需要一个力量支持，但曲线弯曲的方向相反。

Now relate these pendulums to putting strokes by attaching putters to the bottom of each pendulum. Pendulum B is what Harvey Penick prescribed: The golfer’s hands hang outside of his shoulder line (the suspension point) at some angle, supported by the force B. this putter will describe a curved path around the body.

Fuzzy Zoeller simulates pendulum C by holding his hands inside of his shoulders at an angle to his suspension point. This putter clearly rotates from outside the aimline going back to outside the aimline on the follow-through. It requires a small force(C) to help his hands and his 15 degree angle to the vertical below the suspension point.

In these tow examples of pendulums B and C, it is clear that small side forces are required to make these stroke acceptable for putting, and both strokes involve curved paths rotating around the golfer’s body. But pendulum A as a putting stroke, which involves no side force or curving path.

把推杆挂在每一种钟摆下面。

钟摆B式推杆（贾斯汀·李纳德示范）是哈维潘尼克式的，球手的手以一定的角度悬挂在他的肩膀（固定点）外面，这个角度的存在，就需要球手以某部分的肌肉力量来支持；

钟摆C式推杆（福泽卓莱尔示范），双手以一定的角度悬挂在肩膀内，推杆路径由瞄准线的外侧曲线摆动到瞄准线外侧。这种摆动方式双手与肩膀垂直线形成了角度，也需要肌肉力量来支持这个角度。不管是钟摆C钟摆B，由于双手与肩膀垂直线都有角度，因此都需要额外的肌肉力量来支持这个角度并完成推杆，B、C两种方式都形成绕着身体的曲线推击路径。

但是钟摆A式推杆，因为垂直悬挂于肩膀，不需要额外的力，推杆路径也不是曲线。

*** The Simplest Pendulum(最简单的钟摆)

(A¹)On the left of this photo, the golfer’s hands hang vertically below his shoulders. The attached putter hangs vertically below the hands. This path is purely in-line along the aimline, just like pendulum A, with no side forces or path curvature.

(A²)A lightweight but much longer face，with this change, the putter would still swing perfectly in-line beneath the shoulders and there still is nothing to cause rotating or circular motion in the stroke.

(A³)We’ve added a lightweight, but rigid, connection from the grip to the putterface near its toe. The swing path still would not change, still would not rotate, and would naturally continue to swing in-line along the straight line path beneath the shoulders.

(A⁴)Finally removing the original vertical shaft (which hung under the hands), and the back of putterface, which still swings in a pure-in-line path as before. This face will not rotate open or closed, and will not swing or curve around the body. This putter path will track right down the aimline, the intended line of the putt.

（A¹）球手的手垂直地挂在肩膀下面，推杆垂直地在手的下面，这个推杆路径完全是沿着瞄准线，就像钟摆A，没有侧力，没有曲线路径。

（A²）推杆面变长，但是很轻，所以将像（A¹）一样，依然在肩膀下摆动而不会转动或者有曲线的推杆路径。

（A³）中的推杆增加了一个从握把到推杆杆面趾部的连接杆，但是挥杆路径依然是如钟摆（A¹）一样，在肩膀下摆动而不会有转动或者曲线的推杆路径。

（A⁴）中把最初的垂直挂在手下的杆身移走，留下了（A²）增加的杆面和（A³）增加的连接杆，依然是沿着瞄准线直线摆动，不会绕着身体做曲线摆动。

4.7 A Pure-In –Line Stroke Keeps the Ptterface Square（直线钟摆式推杆保持杆面始终方正）

The pendulum of a putting stroke is the pendulum formed between his suspension point (between his shoulders) and his hands. And it is this position of a golfer’s hands, the angle of his pendulum relative to vertical, that determines not only the natural swing path of his putterhead but also the behavior of the putter face angle relative to the aimline.

When a golfer’s hands are outside his shoulders, the screen-door stroke produces both a curved path around the golfer’s body and significant putter face angle rotation relative to the aimline. This is where the in-line stroke shines, when a golfer’s hands are vertically under his shoulders, his stroke path is not only naturally in-line with his Aimline, his putter face also stays square to the Aimline at all times, this is incredible advantage, because the face angle is very influential in determining what line the ball starts rolling on in putting.

The line of the putter shaft does not affect the path of your stroke, unless it makes you move your hands.

钟摆式推杆是指从双肩一点垂下至手，这条垂直的钟摆，不仅决定了杆头的挥杆路径，而且也决定了杆面与瞄准线的角度。

如果球手的双手在肩膀外，即纱门推杆，绕着身体的曲线推杆路径带来杆面的转动，而直线钟摆推杆却不会有杆面的转动。当球手的手是垂直在他的肩膀之下，他的推杆路径不仅仅与瞄准线连成一条直线，而且他的杆面始终方正对着瞄准线。这个非常重要，因为杆面角度决定了球的起始路线。

推杆杆身的位置不影响直线钟摆推杆的推杆路径，除非因为手的移动而影响到钟摆式摆动。

There is one potential drawback to putting with this stroke. If you don’t align your shoulders parallel to the desired starting line for the putt, even the perfect stroke path and a square putter blade won’t start the ball rolling on the right line. You must be absolutely sure that as you learn this stroke, you also learn to address the ball with your shoulders square to your putting line.

这种推杆也有一个缺点，就是如果在瞄准时肩膀不是平行于瞄准线，那么即使最好的推杆路径和方正的杆面也是浪费，所以必须确保学会让自己的肩膀与瞄准线平行。