加载中…章振邦语法英语句子汉译:名词替代词one和ones
(2020-07-21 08:52:39)
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365名词替代替代词oneones |
名词替代词 one/ones
a) one可用来替代上文中出现过的可数名词或以可数名词为中心词的整个名词词组，既可指人也可指物。例如：
The grey
horse
is stronger than the black
one.
(one =
horse)
I lose a neighbour and you gain
one.
(one=
a neighbour)
复数形式
ones
只能替代复数名词 ，既可指人，也可指物。例如：
The
new
design
(图案）
is
much
be
er
than
the old
ones.
(ones=
designs)
There were a few young people with some older
ones
in
the
house.
(ones=
people)
one / ones
作为替代词只能用以替代可数名词，不可用来替代不可数名词。例如不可以
*It's
cheaper to buy old furniture than to have
new
one made.
*If
you
haven't
got fresh milk, I'll take some tinned ones.
b)
当替代词 one 用以替代名词词组中心词时，它常有限定词，但是，不定冠词和物主限定词通常不可以直接位于替代词
one
之前。在不定冠词和物主限定词之后通常须跟有形容词或其他前置修饰语，随后才可以用替代词one。比如可以说：
Can
I
have a melon? I'd like
a
big
one.
但是不可以说 ...
I'd
like a one.
" 或...
Let's
take his one.
I prefer red roses to
white
ones, but
my
wife
likes
both.
(不说"
both ones)
I
can't
write
properly with
your
pen;
I'd
rather use
my
own.
(不说"
my own one)
If
there's
any difficulty about
cars,
we
can bring
our
own.
(不说"
our
own ones)
在基数词 two,
three
... 之后通常不用
ones。例如：
You have four children
.
I have only
two.
(不说"
two
ones)
c） 替代词
one
如果不带任何前置修饰语，其所替代的对象便不是名词中心词而是整个名词词组，其意义通常是类指的。例如：
If
you want a typewriter,
they will provide
you with
one.
(one=
a
typewriter)
He
is
a brilliant hard-working student,
one(=
a student) who will be successful
in
whatever
career
I
need an electric heater to keep warm.
When
could
I
get
one
(=an electric
heater)？
正因为one用于替代名词词组时的类指性质，
它与人称代词和指示代词表示的照应关系在意义上有所不同，后者通常用于特指。比较：
This dictionary is the
one needed by every student of English,
but I can't afford it. (特指）
Every student of English
needs a good dictionary, but I can't afford
one. (类指）
c.) 替代词
ones
通常不能单独使用。它总是带有限定词和前置修饰语（形容词），因此只能替代名词中心词，而不能替代整个名词词组。例如：
I
have a
new
dictionary and
seven old
ones.
(替代
dictionaries)
I
don't
like red
roses, I like the
white
ones.
(替代
roses)
e)
在下列语境中，替代词 one
/
ones
可以省略：
one / ones
带有
this
/ these, that / those,
which,
either,
neither, another, the
last,
the
Judy broke
the coffee-pot,
so
she has to buy
another
(one)
Some
of
your
answers were
correct,
but I
don't
know
which
(ones).
one / ones之前有定冠词以及和上文形成对比的形容词时：
I prefer the
large
bottle
to
the small
(one).
The
new
chapel
(小礼拜堂）
will be like the
old
(one).
There are ,
of
course, bad architects
(建筑师）
as well as
good
(ones).
one / ones
之前虽有与上文形成对比的形容词，但若该形容词跟在不定冠词之后，则替代词
one
一般不可省略。例如一般不说：
?
I'd Pefer
a
large
bottle to a small.
one / ones
之前有比较级和最高级形容词时：
There were two tables laid. He and Ann
were
expected to preside at the smaller (one).
We have to use this machine for want
of
a
better
(one).
The
legislative
power
(立法权）
is
exercised by
two
Houses,
an
Upper
(one) and a
Lower
(one).
If
you
offer him cookies, he
will
take a handful
of
the
biggest
(ones).
3)
替代词
one
、类指代词
one
和数词
one
要注意区别替代词
one,
类指代词
one
和数词
one
试比较：
One
can't be too careful
in
matte
like this.
(类指代词）
My
old car
is
much better
than
the new one.
(替代词）
One
cannot do the work
of
twenty.
(数词）
数词
one
既可用作名词中心词，也可用作限定词，它与替代词
one
的区别是前者承受句子重音，后者不承受重音。比较：
She bought a cotton dress and
a 'silk
one. (one = dress,
是替代词）
又例如：
A:
Can I have those apples?
B:
You've
already 'got one.
(one
是替代词）
数词
one
的复数形式是
some
而不是
ones
比较：
A:
How do you like the roses?
B:
I prefer the red ones.
(ones
是替代词）
A:
Can I have
those
apples?
B:
You can take some. Give
the rest
to
you
little
brothers.
(some
是数词
one
的复数形式）
参见10
4)
替代词
one/ones
和实义词
one / ones
还要注意替代词 one
/
ones
与某些表示特殊意义的
one / ones 之间的区别。后者在意义上相当于
person 或 people,
George
went
on
drinking,
and
by
and
by
he
fell
to misusing
(开始虐待）
his
wife
and
the
little
ones(=his
children)
badly.
Oh, you
are
a
one(=
a bold
amusing person),
telling
that
joke
in
front
of
the
priest
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