章振邦语法英语句子汉译:动词性替代

标签:
365替代动词性替代动词性省略 |
用动词替代词或代动词
(Pro-verb)
do,
do
so
等表示的替代现象叫做动词性替代
(verbal substitution)。例如:
A:
We
all
hate
hypocrisy.
B:
Yes,
everybody
does.
(does=
hates
hypocrisy)
A:
Mary didn't come, did she? 玛丽没有来,是吗?
B:
Yes,
she
did.
(did=
came) 不对 ,她有来过。(did=来了)
A:
Does Granny look after you every
day? 奶奶每天都照顾你吗?
B:
She can't do at weekends. (do=look
after me) 她不能照顾我们的周末。
A: He
never really succeeded in his
ambitions. 他从来没有真正实现过他的野心。
B:
No. He
might
have
done,
if it
had
not
been
for the
restlessness
of
his nature.
(done
= succeeded
in
his ambitions)
A:
Have they moved
their furniture? 他们搬家了吗?
B:
They have
done
the desks, but that's all so far. (done =
moved)
由上述诸例可以看出,动词替代词
do
既可替代主动词及其补足成分,也可仅仅替代主动词。前一种替代现象通常只见于肯定结构,在否定结构中便不是动词性替代,而是动词性省略。试比较
A: Does Peter speak French? 彼得会讲法语吗?
B:
Yes,
he
does.
(does=
speaks French) 是的,他讲法语。
No, he
doesn't.
(doesn't=
doesn't
speak French) 他不讲法语。
上述肯定结构是动词性替代现象,而否定结构则是动词性省略现象。因此,上述肯定结构中的
does
是动词替代词,它本身是主动词;而在否定结构中,
does
为助动词,它后面的主动词及其补足成分被省略,因此这个
does
不同于动词替代词。