加载中…章振邦语法英语句子汉译:分隔修饰
(2020-07-18 09:30:01)
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365分隔修饰名词修饰语 |
分隔修饰
分隔修饰
(discontinuous modification)
指修饰语和被修饰语被分隔的现象。使用修饰语的一个指导原则就是要搞清修饰与被修饰的关系，为了做到这一点，修饰语通常出现在最贴近中心词的地方，因此在没有正当理由的情况下把修饰语和它所修饰的中心词分隔开来就会引出歧义或者得出不合逻辑的句子。例如：
? They found the driver beneath the overturned
car with
a broken left
leg.
? The soldier pulled a bar
of
chocolate from his pocket,
which
he
fed
to
the
gaunt
waif.
在上述两例中
修饰语都是无缘无故地被分隔了。第一句中的介词词组
with
a
broken
left
leg
本应贴近它所修饰的
the
driver,
却被另一个介词词组
(beneath
the
overturned
car)
所分隔，好像是修饰
the
Beneath the
overturned
car they found the driver
with
a broken
left
leg.
The soldier pulled from
his pocket a bar
of
chocolate,
which
he
fed
to the
gaunt waif.
但是，在特定语境中，为了避免歧义，为了平衡句构、为了尊重习惯，分隔修饰有时是必需的。比如：
介词词组被分隔：
Work has
been started
on
the
new
system
of
motorways.
工程已经开始：修筑新的快车道。
This was
the first
news
George
had had
of
his friend's absence.
I never knew
before how
many
ingenious ways
there
are
of
killing.
He
is
the first
I've
actually met
of
the hundreds
of
thousands
so
treated.
非限定分句被分隔：
Many
ways
have been
found
to
use
small
and
simple machines to process large
and
complicated
Arrangements
have
been
made
to install safety devices
on
all machines.
During
the
year from
September
1974
to August
1975, about
85
papers
were published
reporting
同位语分句被分隔：
There
had been great
rejoicing
by the prisoners on July
8 when
word
was
passed
that ceasefire
一直充满的喜悦气氛是战俘在七月八日听说停火谈判正在启动。
An
order
has
come
from
Berlin
that
no
language
but
German
may
be
taught in the school.
The
question
sometimes comes to my mind
whether
it
was worth the effort.
The assumption
is
made that the cylinder is a perfect non-conductor
of
heat.
关系分句被分隔：
This gave
me
an opportunity
to think out the text of
a letter
to Vita
which
she
would
get
the following
But on
the
next day
a swelling
rapidly
developed
which threatened the viability
of
the
hand.
Reactors
have recently
been
built
which
are
capable
of
generating
up
to
several
hundred
Here
we
are fortunate
in
that
several descriptive papers
have been
published
which give adequate
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