加载中…章振邦语法英语句子汉译：名词修饰语之转移修饰
(2020-07-18 10:07:44)
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365名词修饰语转移修饰transferredepithet |
在英语中有一种名词修饰语，从表层结构看似乎是修饰跟在后面的名词，然而在意义上即在深层结构
上却是修饰另外的东西，这种修饰现象叫做“转移修饰"
(Transferred
Mod
cation),
被转移了位置的修
饰语叫做“转移修饰语"
(transferred modifier
/ transferred
epithet)
例如
I had no
temptation to
take a flying holiday
to the
south
They
prolonged the
clasp for the
photog
apher,
exchanging
smiling words.
在上述两句中，表面上是用
flying
修饰
holiday,
sm
ng
修饰
words
但是，
“假日“怎么会“飞”
呢？
”问候语“怎么会“笑”呢？原来这都是转移修饰，它们的原意是
to take a holiday by
flying
Lo
the
south
(飞到南方去度假），
exchanging
greetings with
smiling
faces
(笑脸相迎，互致问候）
又例如
Franklin
Roosevelt
listened
with
bright-eyed smiling attention.
The sailors swarmed into
a laughing
and
cheering ring
around the two men.
在上述第一句中，
with
bright-eyed
smiling
attention
相当于
with
bright
eyes
and
a
smiling
face,
原意
是，罗斯福目光炯炯，面带笑容，聚精会神地听着
在上述第二句中，
laughing
and
cheering
是修饰
the
41
36sailors,
而不是修饰
ring,
句子的意思是：
The sailors,
laughing
and
cheering, surrounded the
two
men
in
a
ring.
(水手们，欢欢乐乐
蜂拥而至，把这两个人围了起来
）又例如：
Do
you
think
I
will
have
blood
mone.
He
is
not
an
easy
writer.
在上述两句中，
blood
easy
都不是直接修饰
money
writer
blood money
=
money
earned
lhrough the
shedding
of
other people's blood
(血腥钱）；
an
easy
writer
=
a
writer
whose works are
easy
to
read
(作品易懂的作家）
又例如：
But above
all
I love these
long
purposeless
days
in
which
I shed
all
that I have ever been.
len
oy
the
dean
voluptuousness
of
the warm breeze on
my
skin and the
cool
support
of
water
在这里，
purposeless
days,
clean
voluptuousness, cool
support
都是转移修饰
第一句long
purposeless
days
的深层意义是
long days
spent
purposelessly
(我尤其喜爱那些漫长的岁月，我可以漫无目标地混日
子，完全摆脱我过去那种（紧张）状态）。第二句的深层意义是，
enjoy
the
sensuous
pleasures
caused by
the clean,
warm breeze blowing
on
my
skin,
and
I
enjoy the support
of
my
body in
cool
water
(我喜爱
那洁净的暖风吹拂在我的皮肤上使我陶然欲醉，也喜爱那清凉的流水把我的身体托浮在水面上）．
由上述
purposeless
days
一例可以看出，英语中有些形容词作转移修饰语是由深层结构中相应的副词
转化而来的
又例如：
He
is
a
great
admirer
of
Tennyson.
=
He admires Tennyson
greatly
He
went
outside
the room to smoke a
quick
ciga
「.=…
to
smoke a
ciga
quickly.
They have been giving
her
secret
bottles
at
night. =
...
giving her bottles
of
milk
sec
etly.
I brought the picture to a graduate seminar
of
supposedly
beautffiJI
students.
=…
to a graduate
semina
of
students
who
supposedly study
well.
以上介绍的修饰现象仅见于正式文学语言，特别是高雅文学语言，比如在英国著名浪漫派诗人济慈
(Keats)
的《夜莺颂》
(Ode
to
a
Nightingale)
中有这样的诗句：
0,
to
draught
of
vintage! that
hath
been
Cool'd a long age
in
the deep-delved earth,
Tasting
of
Flora and the country green,
Dance, and Provencal song, and
sunburnt
mirth!
这里的
sunburnt
mirth
显然就是一种“转移修饰＂：因为
sunburnt
意为“皮肤被太阳晒伤的＇，即“皮
肤蚴黑的';
mirth
为“欢乐”、
“欢笑＂
问题是“欢乐”怎么可能”被晒成蚴黑色的”呢？这就说
明，
sunburnt
并不是修饰随后的
mirth,
而是另有所指；这里的
sunburnt
mirth
可以理解为
mirth
of
the
sunburnt
people
(意指日出而作、日入而息的劳动人民的纯朴的欢乐
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