章振邦语法英语句子汉译:第三种类型条件句IF-TypeIII
 (2020-07-02 20:04:56)
	
			
					(2020-07-02 20:04:56)		| 标签: 365第三种类型条件句1 | 
第三种类型条件句(Type
III)
Type III是非真实条件句
(unreal conditional)
的一种 
所谓“非真实条件”,在语义上包含着不同程度的“非真实性”
这种类型的条件句也可分为基本形式和变体形式。
1) 
第三种类型条件句的基本形式
第三种类型条件句的基本形式是
(If)
simple 
past/ 
were 
+ (Main) 
would, 
etc+ 
inf
例如
[1] 
If 
we 
caught 
the 
10 
o'clock train, 
we 
would 
(could, 
might,
etc) 
get 
there 
by lunch-time.
[2] 
If 
I 
came 
into 
a fortune, 
I would 
give 
up 
working.如果我发了财,我就放弃工作。
[3] 
If 
I 
knew 
how
it 
worked, I 
could 
tell 
you 
what 
to 
do. 
这三个句子 
,在if分句中动词都用一般过去时,主句动词都用 
would, 
could, 
might, 
etc 
+不定式。三个句子在语法形式上虽然相同,但由于出现在不同的语境和上下文中,其条件实现的可能性就有程度的差别。
l)  If 分句 所表示的条件在说话人看来实现的可能性不大,但还是有可能的,比如说话时间巳是九点多钟,尚未动身,因而不大可能赶上十点钟火车,也不大可能在吃中饭以前到达
if- 
分句表示的条件。
If I came 
into a 
fortune 
显然是一种主观腮想,几乎不可能实现 
if- 
分句所表示的条件。根据上下文显然与现在事实相反,从而根本不可能告诉对方做些什么。下面再举数例。
If 
you 
asked 
me 
tomorrow,
I 
would 
(或 
should,
但以用 
would 
较为普通) 
be 
able 
to 
give you 
the 
He would / 
He would / 
If 
Richard 
这种句型的动词形式还可根据语义意图采用进行体形式。例如:
If 
we 
were 
on 
holiday 
now, 
we 
'd 
be 
having 
a 
wonderful 
time.
If 
I 
were 
looking 
for a  j ob
now, I'd 
read 
the 
advertisement 
columns 
every 
morning.
 
2) 
第三种类型条件句的变体形式
例如: 
If 
our 
train were to arrive punctually, 
we 
should 
have 
time 
to visit 
you 
sister.
这个变体形式的动词搭配关系是:
(If) 
were 
to 
+ inf+ 
(Main) would, 
etc 
+ 
inf
要注意表示非真实条件的 
were 
to 
与表示“义务" 
(obligation) 
am / 
If 
he 
were 
to 
get 
in 
touch 
with 
me, I 
could 
explain. 
= 
Supposing 
he 
got 
in 
touch 
with 
me, 
.. 
. 
(非真实条件)
If 
he 
was 
to 
get 
in 
touch 
with 
me, 
why 
hasn't 
he 
done 
so? 
= 
If 
the 
arrangement 
was 
that 
he 
should 
get 
in 
touch 
with 
me, 
why 
... 
? 
(表示“义务")
Type
III 
的另一个变体形式就是在 
if- 
分句中用 
would+不定式,
表示不大可能实现的”意愿"。例如:
If 
you'd 
cook 
the 
dinner,   I'd
do 
the 
washing-up afterwards.
这种非真实条件句与上一节讲到的 
Type 
II 
的第三种变体形式同形异义。在这里,
would 
表示一种不大可能实现的”意愿",而在
Type 
II 
的第三种变体中, 
would 
所表示的”意愿"仅带婉转口气,并无不大可能实现之意。这种意义区别只有在一定上下文中才显示出来。

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