加载中…章振邦语法英语句子汉译:If-TypeII条件句第二种类型
(2020-07-01 22:06:24)
标签：
365if条件句条件句类型ii |
第二种类型条件句(Type
II)
Type
II
是真实条件句的主体，最普通，最常用。这种句式又可分为“基本形式"
(basic form),
1) 第二种类型条件句的基本形I
例如：
If
we
catch the
10
If
it
is
fine tomorrow, we
can
have
a picnic somewhere.
If you
wake
up
before me,
give
me a call.
If you
meet
some friends of mine
in
London,
introduce
yourself to
them.
由上述诸例可以看出，这一类型条件句有两个基本形式：一是 IF 分句用一般现在时表示将来时间，主句shall
/
will
/
can
/
may
等＋不定式：
(If) simple
present+
(Main)
shall/
will,
etc +
inf.
另一种基本形式是 IF
(If) simple
esent
+ (Main) imperative
2)
第二种类型条件句的变体形式
第二种类型条件句的上述基本形式有三种变体形式：
[1]
If we
should
miss the
10
o'clock
train,
这种条件句的特征是
If
it
should rain
again,
If he
should fail
to come,
ask
Phillip
to work
in
his
place.
If
I
should
be
detained,
start
the
program without me.
If he
should come
tomorrow, I would tell him
everything.
If
you
should
be
passing
my house, you might return the book you
borrowed.
在这里，
should
仅表示一种不太肯定的婉转口气，并不影响条件的真实性。
[2] If you
will reserve
seats, we shall be sure
of
a comfortable
journey.
在IF-分句中用
"will+不定式”并不单纯表示将来意义，这里的
will
是个表示“意愿＂的情态助动词，相当于
be
willing
to
(If
you are willing to
reserve
seats)
又例如：
If my father will
give
me
permission,
I
shall spend a few
months
abroad.
If
you
wait
a few more minutes, the doctor
will
see you without your making an appointment.
If you
will take
the trouble
to
read his letter carefully, you
will
see what he means.
If he
will
accept
the nomination, a lot
of
electors
will
vote for him.
要注意这种带
"will+
不定式”的IF-分句在某些场合是不可以随便用的，比如我们可以说：
If
he
gets
my
letter
in
time,
he'll
be
able to change his
plans.
却不可以说：
x
If
he
will
get
my letter
in
time, he'll be
…
[3] If you
would
kindly
wait
a moment, I'll see what I
can
do.
在这里用
would,
还是表示“意愿＂，常用于客气的请求，这时，主句动词既可用
will
/ shall
+不定式，也可用would/should/could/
might+
不定式。例如：
If you
would reserve
seats, we would be
sure
If you
would
try
Italian food, you would like
it.
If
you
would
read
more carefully, you'd understand what the writer
is
trying to
say.
如果表示“意愿＂的
would
不是用于客气的请求，那么，在一定上下文中也可能表示不大可能实现的"意愿",
这就属于非真实条件句，即下面所要介绍的第三种类型条件句的一种变体形式。例如：
If
the
landlord would give up
his
land, that would
be
a blessing to
the
peasants.
3)
第二种类型条件句的替换形式
第二种类型条件句还有两个替换形式：
[1]
Set
your
alarm clock,
and
you
won't oversleep.= If
you set your alarm clock, you
won't...
[2]
Set
your
alarm clock, or(else)
you'll
oversleep.=
If
you don't set your alarm
clock,
you'll
...
这是以并列结构表示条件意义。又例如：
Give
him
an
inch，and
he will take a
mile.
Let
a
camel
stick its head into the tent
(如果让外人插足进来），
and
you'll soon
find
no room for
Hurry up,
or
(else) you'll
be
late.快点，否则你会迟到的。
Give
him
some food,
or
(else) he'll starve.
以上所介绍的真实条件句的几种类型仅是最普通最常见的几种形式。但是，真实条件句动词搭配形式实际上要比以上所述复杂得多。可以说除去非真实条件句的动词搭配形式外，其他动词形式都可能构成真实条件句。下面略举数例，以示一斑：
If it's ready,
he'll bring
it
tomorrow.
What are
you
going to do if it
怎么办， 如果下雨？
If
you
don't hurry and get there before five o'clock, he'll have left the
office and gone
home.
If he has finished
his
work
If I can find her,(If
I must, / If I I'll give
her your message.
If
you've
been travelling
all
night,
you
probably need a rest.
If he arrived only
yesterday,
he'll probably not leave before Sunday.
If
that
was what
he told
you,
he
was
telling
lies.
If
he hadn't come
in
when you
arrived,
he
won't
come
in
at
all
this
morning.
喜欢
0
赠金笔