加载中…章振邦语法英语句子汉译:并列结构的类型
(2020-06-17 10:01:28)
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365并列句和并列结构类型 |
并列结构和并列句
并列结构的类型
两个或两个以上意义相关、层次相同、句法功能也相同，并由并列连词 (coordinator) 或其他并列手段连接起来的语法结构序列叫做”并列结构" (coordinate
structure)。并列结构分为不同的层次，它可以是词和词的并列：
knife and fork 刀叉
buy or sell
买卖
good but expensive
好但是贵
也可以是词组和词组的并列：
a teacher a
student 一名教师和一名学生
one way or the other
这样或者那样， 不管怎样
with strength but without confidence
也可以是分句和分句的并列：由两个或两个以上并列分句构成的句子叫做并列句
The teacher's
name is Smith, and the
student's name (is) Keith.
The children
can go with us or they can stay
at home.
This sentence
may be correct
grammatically, but a native speaker never it that way.
Mary is a nurse,
her brother is a
doctor, and her
parents are both famous writers.
一串平行的句子，不带并列连词，但语义相关，结构相同，也可归入并列旬之列。例如：
We were discussing where to go for the holiday: some wanted
to go to
the seaside; some liked
to the
"SeaWorld"; others
preferred to stay overnight
in a country
此类并列结构叫做“不带连词的并列结构" (asyndetic
coordination) ; 那常见的并列结构便叫“带连词的并列结构"(syndetic
并列结构和标点符号
由上述诸例可以看出，由两个以上项目构成的并列结构通常只在最后一个项目之前用并列连词，其他项目之间仅用逗号连接。又例如：
There are five types of discharge
from military service (退役）： honorable, general,
undesirable, bad and
有时，在一个句子中有两个并列结构，其一全用逗号，另一全用连词，这样处理是为了达到上述两种修辞效果。例如：
In the
country there no honking horns (汽车喇叭声）， no diesel no pollution —just the of wind
rustling the tree leaves and ed squirrels (松鼠） chattering in the
distant oaks cool
creek water down
its endless course.
除了逗号，分号（；）和冒号(:)也能起并列连词的作用 一般说来，用分号连接两个并列分句，通常表示一种对比关系。例如：
Golf demands the best of time
and space; tennis, the best of personal
energy.
After father's death,
she went out very little; after her sweetheart
went away, people saw her all.
He was caught: behind him was a
locked door of him
were the officers and the dogs.
在某些连接性状语 (Conjunct)
accordingly, furthermore,
hence, however, nevertheless, therefore等之前通常要用分号，而不用逗号，因为这些词项是副词，而不是连词。
He had worked in the
foreign service for years leave; hence he
was tired almost
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