加载中…章振邦语法英语句子汉译:否定与非肯定
(2020-06-13 22:25:36)
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365否定非肯定 |
否定结构就是由否定词构成的语法结构 在系统介绍否定结构之前，我们首先要交代一下”肯定词" (assertive
“非肯定词" (non-assertive Word) 和否定词 (negative 这三类词语三种词语涉及限定词、代词、副词三个词类，而且肯定词大多有与之相对应的非肯定词和否定词。
一般说来，肯定词用于肯定句；否定词用于否定句，而非肯定词则用于否定句以及带有否定意向的疑问句 否定结构除用 not, no以及 no- 合成词外，还可用“半否定词" (semi-negative) 半否定词包括barely,
rarely, hardly, scarcely, seldom 以及带否定含义的限定词／不定代词 few
/ 在此类词语之后，须用非肯定词或肯定的附加问句。例如：
We barely had
time to catch the
train.
The little boy
could barely read
and speak in English.
I hardly ever
go out these days.
In those days I
scarcely got
any sleep.
Rarely have
I seen such a beautiful
sunset.
Little does he care whether we
live or die.
很少在乎我们是生是死。
Hardly anybody
believes that, does he?
Few people want
to go there,
1) 否宗范围
否定范围 (scope of
negation) 指否定意义在句中扩及的范围 一般说来，在否定词之后只要没有肯定词便都在否定范围以内。例如:
Nothing was found in the drawer.
I am not in the
film at all.
我不感兴趣的是这部电影呢！
否定句中的句尾状语（分句）是否在否定范围以内，在书面语中须视状语之前是否有逗号。
I didn't go to the cinema because I had seen the
film.
I didn't go
to the
cinema, because I had seen the
film.
但在口语中须视调型而定：
否定范围不仅可以延及句尾状语，有时还可能延及其他限定分句和非限定分句。
Nobody has promised
that any of you will be released yet.
That wouldn't deter anyone
who had any courage.
I have not any doubt that he will succeed.
I am not certain
whether he will come.我不确定他是否会来。
I wouldn't
like you to
disturb anyone.
I 'don't
like any of the songs. (= I
like none of the
songs.)
I don't like some of the songs. (= There are
some songs that I don't like.)
Lydia hasn't yet. (=
Up to now Lydia hasn't eaten
anything yet.)
Lydia hasn't for days
already. (= It's already
three days that Lydia
hasn't
但评注性状语和连接性状语，不论出现在什么位置上，总是在否定范围之外。例如：
We never found out the
truth, unfortunately.
She doesn't know him, however.
Oddly enough,
he hasn't said anything about it.
George was very good at arithmetic. Yet he
was never given
full
marks.
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