章振邦语法英语句子汉译:否定与否定焦点

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365否定焦点标点符号重要 |
否定焦点
否定焦点
(focus
of negation),
是指在口语中表示对比含义的否定调核在旬中的确切位置;此种调核的位置,往往引起否定范围被分隔,从而导致整个句子意义的改变
所谓否定范围被分隔,是指在否定词和被否定的词语之间存在着肯定的部分,本书用(
)表示;有时,否定词之前的部分也可能包括在否定范围以内。试观察以下诸例:
现在让我们来分析以上诸旬,要注意句中“否定焦点“落在何处,这涉及“否定范围”被分隔的情况(其中被肯定的部分用(
)表示)。
[l]
无对比含义,此句相当于:I
didn't / forgot to take
Tom
to swim
in
the pool today.
[2]
的否定焦点落在
Tom
上,意思是:I
took
someone to swim
in
the pool, but
it
wasn't
Tom.
[3]
的否定焦点落在
wim
上,意思是:I
took Tom to the pool today just to
see it.
[4]
的否定焦点落在
pool
上,意思是:I
took Tom to swim at the seaside, not
in
the pool.
[5]
的否定焦点落在
today
上,意思是:I
did take Tom to swim
in
the pool, but not today.
[6]
的否定焦点落在
上,意思是:It
was my wife who took
Tom
to swim
in
the pool today.
根据否定焦点也可判断否定范围是否扩及从属分句。 比较:
在[l]
[3]
两句中,否定焦点分别落在
poetry 和 asked
上,主句与从句同属一个语调组,从而 because分句和
when-
分句被包括在否定范围以内;在[2]
[4]
两句中,主句与从句分属两个语调组,故从句不包括在否定范围以内。
后一篇:[转载]学会“标点符号”很重要!