加载中…章振邦语法英语句子汉译:存在句的实义主语
(2020-06-06 18:26:43)
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365存在句的实义主语notionalsubject |
存在句的实义主语
在存在句中作实义主语的名词词组通常是非确定特指，即通常带有不定冠词、零冠词及其他表示非确定意义的限定词，如
some,
any,
no, several,
many,
much, more,
(a)
few,
(a)
little,
less,
There
There
There's
no
one
in
the house, is there?
没有人在屋里，是吗？
There
is
still
a
lot
of
work
to be done before the house
is
ready
for
occupation.
There are
many
people
still
with
too low a standard
of
living.
There are
fifteen students
in
my
class.
Is
there
any
cheese
in
the larder?有奶酪在储藏室里吗？
作为存在句实义主语的名词词组也可由
some-,
any-,
no-
的合成词构成。例如：
There's
something
(that)
you
don't
know.
There
Is
there
anyone
coming to dinner?
由上述诸例可以看出，存在句的实义主语一般都是非确定特指，因为存在句的实义主语本来就是句子的信息中心，即所要传递的新信息，从而不可能如当代某个语法流派所云是由原先出现在句首主语位置上的表示非确定特指的名词词组移位而来。试观察
There
is
a
hair
in
my soup. 有根头发在我的汤里呢。
?
A hair
There's
an
accident outside.
?
An accident has been outside.
There seems to be
a small problem
here.
似乎有个小问题在这里。
?
A
small
problem seems to be here.
There's
a
lady
outside asking for you.
?
A
lady
is
outside asking
for
I don't
want
there to
be
any
more
animosity.
?
I don't
want
any more animosity to be.
当然，如果带
a/an
作限定词的名词词组不是用于非确定特指，而是用于类指，当然可以出现在句首。例如：
A tree
is
a
living
organism. 树属于生物。
An
ox
is a domestic animal. 牛属于家畜。
既然存在句的实义主语通常都是表示非确定特指的名词词组，因此在脱离一定上下文的情况下，如果实义主语带有确定特指的含义
，往往就会造成病句。例如：
x
There is the / his / this
ca
at
the door.
x
There's the money
borrowed
from
the
bank.
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