加载中…章振邦语法英语句子汉译:存在句的谓语动词
(2020-06-05 21:50:43)
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存在句的谓语动词主要是动词 be 的某种形式，可以是限定形式，也可以是非限定形式。先讲 be 的限定形式 限定形式可以是 be 的一般现在时、一般过去时、现在完成体或过去完成体 例如
There's a
train due
to arrive.
There have been many
such accidents.
也可以是表示“预见“、“可能”、“必然”或“过去习惯存在＂的情态助动词＋不定式（包括完成体形式） 。例如：
There'll be a huge
crowd at the game, won't there?
There can be very little
doubt about his guilt.
Mustn't there be another
reason for his behavior?
There used to be a church round the
corner.
A: Was there
an answer to my
telegram?
B: John
says there must have been one.
There can't have been much
traffic so late at night.
也可以是半助动词＋不定式（很少用完成体形式）。 例如：
There's going to be a
storm.
There's to be an investigation.
The appears
to be no
doubt about it.
以上三类动词形式是限定形式的主体 be 外，某些表示存在概念的不及物动词如 exist, remain, occur,
come, arise, stand, lie, live 等，也能用于 there- 存在句。例如：
There arose in his
imagination visions of a world empire.
If ever again there happens an
accident like that, we' ll have
only ourselves to blame.
如果地点状语前移便可省略 there 例如：
Behind the house (there) lies a river.
In front of the
carriage (the e) rode
two men in uniform.
上述诸例的谓语动词都可用 be 的某种形式替代。值得注意的是 ：以上诸例中的主动词都带有“存在＂的意思；反之，如果动词不表示“存在“、“出现”之类的意义，便不能用作存在句的谓语动词。 试比较：
There appeared / emerged ship
after ship from afar
x There disappeared / went
down ship
after ship in the distance
There blew a
gale.
x There subsided a
gale.
There was
approaching a
weird procession (奇装游行队伍）
x There departed a
weird procession.
There is just being decoded (被破译） an
important message.
x There
is just being encoded (被译成代码） an
important message.
There sailed
in a
ship.
x There sailed away a
ship.
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