加载中…章振邦语法英语句子汉译:介词与名词动词形容词的搭配
(2020-05-30 21:40:36)
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365介词与动词搭配介词与形容词介词与名词 |
现代英语基本上属千“分析性语言"
(analytic language) ,
词语之间的语义关系主要不是通过词形变化而是通过相对固定的词序
(word order)
以及词语的搭配关系表示出来。在这种搭配关系中，介词起着特别重要的作用，可以说介词就是表示词语之间语义关系的词类。
介词与形容词、动词、名词之间有着广泛的搭配关系
要掌握介词的用法首先应注意这些搭配关系
1)
介词与形容词的搭配
有些形容词要求与一定的介词搭配。例如：
Is
that
country
rich
in
minerals?
He
is
intent
on
(一心想）
winning.
I'm indifferent to heat and cold.
但不少形容词之后可跟不同的介词，表示不同的意义。例如：
{Rose
is
alive to the feeling
of
shame.
(敏感）
The cat
is
alive
with
lice.
(充满）
The
man
is
blind
of
an eye.(瞎）
Jack
was
blind to his own fault.
(不觉察）
也有不少形容词之后可跟不同的介词，形容词的意义不变，有的只是其后的搭配不同
。比较
His views are
different
from / to
(常见于
BrE)
mine.
His appearance
was
quite different from /
Joe was very disappointed
at
not finding
her
disappointed
at
之后的介词补足成分通常指事。
His parents
will
be disappointed
with
her if she fails the exam.
disappointed
with
之后的介词补足成分通常指人。
~
2)
介词与动词的搭配
介词与动词的搭配通常有四种情况（以下
a,
b,
c,
四种介词与动词的搭配是“词组动词”的一种。
a)
动词＋介词：
I shall prevail
on
(说服）
him to make the attempt.
You
can
appeal
to a higher court and
apply
for
a fresh
trial.
We
concentrated
on
doing one job at a time.
He fell into
(养成）
the habit
of
not attending to
other
You
correspondents
have only touched
upon
(涉及）
the fringe
of
the
matter.
b)
动词＋宾语＋介词：
They
excluded
him from the club.
They
took
me into
their
Bad
weather
He released
her
from
her
promise.
These men
took
me
for
(误认为）
a
swindler.
上述搭配中的宾语可按语义意图加以改变
但以下词组动词结构中的名词不能随意改变。
The old
widow
always takes
pity
on
(怜闾）
some stray cat
or
dog.
The report lays great emphasis
on
the development
of
nursery
schools
in
the area.
You
should take advantage
of
(利用）
this opportunity,
for
c)
动词＋副词小品词＋介词：
I
don't
wish to
break
in
on
(打断）
you
thoughts.
The family
came
up
against
(碰到） fresh
problems.
You're
not telling me the
whole
story.
You're
holding
out
on
(对……保密）
me.
She got off with
(结识）
him soon after she began to
work
at the institution.
We
shouldn't
put
the shortage
down
to
(把……归因于）
bad planning.
d)
动词＋宾语＋副词小品词＋介词：
You
shouldn't take
your
resentment
out
on
(拿……泄恨）
me.
You
must watch that guy,
he'll put
3)
介词与名词的搭配
介词与名词的搭配有以下两种清况
a)
某些名词之后要求用某些介词·
There seems to be a solution to this problem.
Have you any faith In herb medicine?
A glance
at
this letter
will
convince
you
by its contents that Mike
is
grasping at
you
money.
Is
there
b)
某些名词之前要求用某些介词：
A young man should be
on
his
guard
against bad
company.
We
did
it at your request.
In
all
probability，
the
mail
will
arrive tomorrow.
To
my
delight, he passed the entrance examination
of
our institute.
上述这类搭配，有些是不固定的，依上下文而定。
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