加载中…章振邦语法英语句子汉译:比较结构用法补充说明
(2020-05-30 20:53:14)
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365比较结构用法 |
关于比较结构用法的补充说明
下面进一步阐述某些比较结构的不同用法和意义
1)
more ...
more
...
than
结构除在两个人或物之间作同一方面的比较而外，还可在同一个人或物的本身作不同方面的比较。
[1]
The
concert
was
more
enjoyable
than
the
lecture. 音乐会更是令人愉快，超越了讲座。
[2]
The
living-room
is
larger
than
the
dining-room.客厅大过了厅大。
[3]
John
is
more
daring
than
quick-witted.
约翰呀，胆子大，脑子没那么灵活。
[4]
George
is
more
intelligent than
aggressive.乔治很聪明，但没有那么好斗。
上述(1)(2)两句是
more
...
than
结构的一般用法，即在两个不同事物之间就某一方面作比较，而[3)[4)
两句则是就同一个人的两个不同方面作比较
值得注意的是，
more
...
than
结构在(1)(2]
两句中，其比较级既可more形式，也可用
-er
形式；
more
...
than
结构用于上述[3][4]
两句的意义时，比较级只能用
more形式，不能用
-er
形式
more
...
than
结构用千上述[3][4]
两句意义时，还可连接两个名词词组。
[5] The present
crisis
is
much
more
a political
than
an economic crisis.
当前的危机是政治危机，远非经济危机。）
more
...
than
结构在上述[3][4][5)
诸句中的用法也适用于
less
...
than
结构，得出相反的含义。
John
is
less
daring
than
quick-witted.
(与其说约翰胆大，不如说他脑子灵活。）
George
was
less
intelligent
than
aggressive.
(与其说乔治聪颖过人，不如说他言行放肆。）
The
present crisis
is
much
less
a political
than
an economic crisis.
(当前的危机与其说是政治危机，不如说是经济危机。）
He was
less
hurt
than
frightened.
(他呀，与其说受了伤害，不如说他受惊吓。）
2)
not
so ... not
so
much
…
as
London
isn't
so
large
as
Tokyo.
(伦敦没有东京大．）
It
wasn't
so
much
his appearance I liked
as
his personality.
(与其说我喜欢他的外表，不如说我喜欢他的为人。）
前一例是一般的比较结构，后一例相当于上述
less
...
than
的含义。
It
wasn't
so
much
that
I disliked her
as
that I just
wasn't interested.
(与其说我不喜欢她，不如说我对她不感兴趣。）
3)
not
more/
-er
than
no
more /
试比较以下两句：
John is
not better than
Tom.
John
is
no
better
than
Tom.
前一例表示属于普通比较结构；后一例用了
no
情况就不同了，
no
better
than
no richer than
=
as poor as
no bigger than
=
as small as
no later than
=
as early as
同样地
I have
not
taken
more than
six courses this
semester. 我修的课程没超过六门的是这个学期。
I have taken
no
more
than
six
courses
this semester.
前一句的含义是本学期选的课不多于六门；后一句的含义是只选了六门，表示少的意思
上述结构与
no
A
whale
is
no
more
a fish
than
a
horse
is.
这句的含义是鲸和马同样不是鱼，即鲸不是鱼，如同马不是鱼一样
在某些结构中，单独使用
more
than也能表示否定概念。
That is
more
than
I
can
tell. 这个事情我没有看出来。
含义是“简直不…...
My trip to
Beijing
is
more than
sightseeing.
含义是“不仅仅是游览观光而已＂
诸如此类的结构有的是普通的比较，有的形式上像是比较，实质上并非真正的比较，应予注意
4)
the
more
…
the
more； more
and
more
the
more
...
the
more
.
这一结构相当于汉语中的＂越……越·
..
" ,
表示两个过程按比例同时递增。这种句型的前一个
the
more
结构为从属分句，后一个
the
more
.
结构为主句；通常是从句在前，主句在后。
The older
I get,
the
happier
I am. 越老越幸福！
The
sooner
you start,
the
more
quickly
you'll finish.
The
more
you argue
with him,
the less notice
he takes.
这种结构往往有省略。
The
sooner
this
is
done,
the
better.
The
higher
the temperature,
the faster
the liquid evaporates.
The thinner
the layer
of
solder（焊料），
the
higher
(must be) the soldering
temperature.
The
more,
more
and
more
常用来表示“越来越……＂
的含义。
The car was running
faster
and
faster.汽车跑得越来越快。
John speaks French
more
and
more
fluently.约翰法语说得越来越流利了。
Jane became
more
and
more
beautiful.简变得越来越漂亮了。
The prices are getting
higher
and
higher.价格越来越高。
His health
is
getting
better
and
better.他的健康越来越好。
由上述诸例可以看出，
the
more
...
the more
表示两个过程同时递增，而
more
and
more
只表示一个过程的不断增长。就语法构造来说，
the
more
...
the
more
是个主从句结构，而
more
and
more
则构成并列副词词组和并列形容词词组，或者仅在副词／形容词词组中充当前置修饰语。
5)
可等级名词
有些名词也可用于比较结构，这类名词在语义上多半都有与之相对应的形容词，因此有些语法学家管它叫“可等级名词"
(gradable noun)
。例如
Jim is
not so much
of
a
gentleman
as his father.
(=
Jim is not as gentlemanlike as his
father.)
You are
less
of
a
fool than
I thought.
(=
You
are
less
foolish than
I
thought.)
He was too much
of
a
coward
to tell the truth.
(=
He was too
cowardly
to tell the truth.)
He's
enough
of
a
man
to disclose the secret.
(=
He's
manly enough to disclose the
secret.)
He
is
more
of
a
sportsman
than his brother.
(=
He
is
more
It
was as much
of
a
success
as I had expected.这成功类似于我的所待。
(=
It
was
as successful as I had expected.)
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