加载中…章振邦语法英语句子汉译:有两种形式的副词
(2020-05-25 22:20:27)
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365副词有两种形式 |
兼有两种形式的副词
有些副词有两种形式， 一是与形容词同形, 有些含义相同，有些略有不同，
1) clean,
cleanly
副词 clean ，完全 ”解：
The bullet went
clean through (整个儿地穿过） his arm.
I clean forgot (完全忘掉） about it.
副词 cleanly 常作“干净利落地“解：
This knife doesn't cut cleanly (切起来不利落）．
作“清洁地“解，读作 /kli:nlr/, 较少使用 。
2) clear, clearly
副词 clear 作“完全地、径直地“解：
You can see clear (一直望到） to the mountains today.
The prisoner
got clear away (逃得无影无踪）．
clear 这一用法与 clean 相同；有时可以交替使用
clear 还能作“隔开，不接触“解 例如：
Stand clear of the gates (离开门）
You should
keep clear of that
fellow (不要与那家伙来往）.
作其他解释时则用 clearly, 不用 clear 。例如：
Can you see clearly (清楚地）什om here?
He is clearly (显然） wrong.
但在下列结构中用 clear
和 clearly 均可：
The moon shone clear(/y) (明亮地）．
He spoke loud(ly)
and clear(/y) (清晰地）．
Cats are among
the cleanliest animals there are.
3) close, closely
副词 close 作“近＇解：
He lives dose to
the school.
He was following close behind.
作其他解释时用 closely:
Watch what I do closely (细心地）．
The prisoners were closely (严密地） guarded.
She was
sitting close to(= near) me.
4) dead, deadly
副词 dead 作“突然地，完全地“解：
She stopped dead.
在非正式语体中作“完全地，直接地”解：
He was dead tired (极为疲倦）．
The wind was dead against us (正对着我们）．
deadly 作“死一般地”或“非常“解，例如 deadly pale (死人似的苍白）， deadly serious (极端严重）， deadly dull (极为枯燥无味）等。
deadly 也能作形容词，作“死一般的，极度的，致命的 不共戴天的”等解．例如 deadly paleness, deadly seriousness, a / enemy / conversation
5) direct, directly
副词 direct 作“直线地，不绕圈子地“解：
The train goes there direct.
The next flight doesn't go direct to
Rome (不直飞罗马）； it goes
by way of Paris (经由巴黎）．
He came direct to London.
Send them direct to me.
作“直接地”（即“间接地”的反义词）解时用 directly:
He was looking directly at me.
She answered me very directly and openly.
directly 也可作“立即”或“马上“解：
Answer me directly.
Let's meet
directly after lunch.
I'll be there directly.
He should be there directly if you don't mind waiting.
6) easy, easily
easy 只在某些固定搭配中作副词：
Take it easy. (慢慢来，别急．）
Go easy. (别急．）
Easy come, easy go. 容易来，容易去。
Easier said than done. 容易说，难得做。
Stand easy! (稍息！）
除此以外，用 easily 例如：
I can easily finish it today.
He is not
easily (容易） satisfied.
That may easily be the case. (情况很可能就是那样。）
It is easily (无疑） the
best hotel.
7) fair, fairly
fair 在下列搭配中用作副词：
You must play fair (光明磊落）．
I hit him fair on the nose (不偏不歪／正打在鼻子上）．
He's dealt
fair and square (公平地） with me.
在其他搭配中用 fairly:
He told the facts fairly.
He doesn't play the game fairly.
He was fairly
beside himself with joy (欣喜若狂）．
也可作 quite, rather moderately (适度地，不过分地）等解，修饰其他形容词或副词，例如 fairly well, fairly good,
fairly certain。
fair / fairly 有时也能交替使用。例如：
Being a sportsman can mean playing fair/fairly.
8) firm, firmly
firm 在以下搭配中用作副词：
Stand m. (站稳。）
Always hold firm (固守） to your
beliefs.
其他场合用 firmly 例如：
I firmly believe (坚信） that.
Fix the post firmly (牢固地） in the ground.
9) high, highly
high 用作副词见于下列搭配： aim
high (力争上游）， hold one's
head high (昂首）， play high (大赌）， search high
and low (到处搜寻）， run high (浪大，激动）， fly high (有雄心）等
highly 通常指抽象的“高＂。例如：
He spoke highly of (赞扬） her.
highly (很，极，高价地）也用千修饰形容词，如 highly pleased, highly skilled, highly
interesting,
highly enjoyable, highly paid
10) loud, loudly
副词 loud, loudly 均作“大声地“解，用哪一种形式与音韵有关，并无绝对规定：
Don't talk so loud / loudly.
She complained loudly of having
been kept waiting.
但用比较形式时通常用 louder, loudest:
Speak louder, I can't hear you.
Who laughed
loudest?
11) pretty, prettily
副词 pretty 作”相当地，适当地，非常”等解，修饰形容词或副词：
She's pretty good.
She dances pretty well.
This work of yours
is a pretty poor
effort.
也用于 pretty much (= very nearly, very much), pretty ready (= almost ready), pretty well (= very
nearly, almost) 等搭配中：
A: How's the
sick man today?
B: Pretty much (差不多） as he
was yesterday.
It's pretty well (几乎） impossible
to travel over these mountains in winter.
prettily 作“漂亮地，悦人地”解：
Mary dresses prettily.
She speaks prettily.
12) quick, quickly
quick 作为副词，与 quickly 同义，都作“快“解，但在现代英语中，副词 quick 的使用所受语境之限制较大，常用于美式英语的口语体中 例如：
Come back quick, baby has
fallen ill.
You're walking too quick for
me. (你走得太快，我跟不上。）
Nowadays, our government is helping
the peasants to get rich quick.
也常用千 quick-frozen food (速冻食品）， quick-drying paint (快干漆）， quick-witted person (机灵的人）等 但在比较正式的场合，或在动词之前，或在句首，仍以用 -ly 形式为宜。 例如：
She quickly walked across the road
and disappeared in darkness.
Quickly she changed her clothes
and drove away.
We must pack
quickly if
we hope
to catch the
train.
但若用于比较级或最高级，两种形式都可使用。 例如：
He walks quicker / more quickly
than I.
＠美国口语中相应千 pretty 这类强势用法的还有 terrible, real, awful 等，如 terrible bad, dreadful sorry, real awful sleepy
Who ran the
quickest / the most quickly:
13) right, rightly
right 能作多种解释，用以修饰副词、介词，或在句中作状语等：
He's right here (就在这里）．
Go right home (直接回家） at
once!
I haven't read the book right
through (完全地）．
There's the house, right in front
of you (就在你面前）．
It serves
you right. (你活该 。）
Nothing seems to go right with
me. (一切对我都不顺利。
也用千诸如 all right, right and left, Eyes right (向右看齐）， Right you
are (= Yes, I will; I agree)结构
rightly 通常置千动词之前 试比较：
He rightly
guessed that …
He guessed right (猜得对）
If I remember right (如果我没有记错的话）．．
If I'm
rightly informed …
14) sharp, sharply
sharp 常用于钟点后表示“准时" :
We arrived at ten o'clock sharp.
也用于诸如 turn sharp right / left (向右／左急转）， look sharp (赶快，留神，注意）等结构sharp, sharply 均能作“急剧地，突然地“解：
The car stopped sharp at the red light.
At the crossroads we turned
sharp to the left.
Profits fell sharply
following the takeover.
The road bends sharply.
15) slow, slowly
副词 slow slowly 同义，在美式英语的口语体中多用 slow; 在路边交通标志里也都用 slow 例如：
Drive slow when
you approach
a zebra crossing.
The workmen decided to go slow (怠工）．
Slow, dangerous bend! (慢，危险弯路！）
但在比较正式的场合，或在动词之前，或位于旬首，还是要用 -ly 形式 例如：
Speak slowly, please.
We were walking slow in the
street when a
stranger came up behind us.
How slowly / slow
the time
passes!
She slowly opened
the door and went
out.
Slowly, things
began to improve.
Slowly but surely, the
great ship glided into the water.
但若用于比较级或最高级，副词 slow 的两种形式都可使用：
This yacht (帆船） sails
much slower! much more slowly
than the other one.
Whose yacht sailed (the) slowest/most
slowly in the
race?
16) sound, soundly
副词 sound soundly 同义，都作“充分地”、“完全地”、"彻底地“解，唯有 sound 只可作前置修饰语，使用面窄，而 soundly 则既可前置，也可后置，使用面较广。 例如：
When I got home, the children
had fallen sound asleep.
The baby
slept soundly (熟睡） all night.
His argument is soundly
based (有充分的根据）．
The team was soundly beaten (惨败） at this year's World Cup.
The committee soundly rejected (彻底拒绝） all of the
proposed changes.
17) sure, surely
sure 作副词多见于非正式语体，特别是美式英语：
He said he
would come,
and sure enough (果然） he
came.
He sure is tall.
Can you dance? I sure can. (英式英语用 certainly
can)
sure, surely 除去 sure enough,
slowly but surely (慢而稳，稳步地）等少数固定搭配，用法无绝对规则，但在正式语体中特别是在情态助动词或连系动词之后通常用 surely:
This will surely
cause problems.
She will surely
fail.
This is surely her
best play.
比较：
It sure is cold! (确实很冷！）
作为评注性状语，通常也用 surely:
Surely I've met you before somewhere.
18) tight, tightly
副词 tight，
tightly 同义，都表示“紧紧地”，但 tight 常用于非正式语体，通常位于动词之后。 例如：
She clasped his hand tight in both of hers.
She kept her eyes tight shut when
the operation began.
The crabs were
packed tight(= tightly
packed) in the
bag.
Hold tight to the railing, you'll slip
and fall.
在较正式的场合，多用 tightly, 尤其在 -ed 分词之前。 例如：
He caught her hand and held it tightly.
Tie it as
tightly as you can.
The mouth of the jar was tightly
sealed.
19) wide, widely
副词 wide 通常用于原义，表示“宽阔＂，而 widely 则通常用于转义，即用于比喻的场合 例如：
Open your mouth
wide.
The door was
wide open when I
passed his house.
He stood there with legs
wide apart.
He was wide awake when I left.
He is widely known as
a good doctor.
He has
traveled widely.
She is very widely read (博览群书）．
They differed widely in their opinions.
20) wrong, wrongly
副词 wrong, wrongly 同义，常见于非正式语体，位千动词之后，但在较正式的语体中，尤其是在动词之前，仍用 -]y 形式。
You guessed wrong. <你猜错了．）
All our plans went ltVTDng. (我们的计划全都失败了。）
The letter was wrongly addressed. (这封信住址写错了
He was wrongly accused of the crime. (他遭到误控。）
You wrongly stated on two occasions that the article was published in the Sydney Morning id
（你两次错误地声称那篇文章是在《悉尼先驱晨报》发表的．）
除以上列举的这些与形容词同形并有 ly 形式的副词外，还有一些与形容词同形的副词与它们的 -ly
在语义上既不相同，在用法上又不一样或不完 一样，这类副词包括 hard / hardly, late / latel y, mighty
/mightily,short /
He has been working hard (= with great effort) all morning.
She was so frightened that she could
hardly (=
almost not) speak.
She has to work late at night.
She has been ill lately(=
recently).
He is mighty I mightily (= very) pleased with himself.
He was struck
mightily (= forcefully) on the head.
{He stopped short (= suddenly) when he heard his name called.
Mr Jones will be back shortly (= soon)
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