加载中…章振邦语法英语句子汉译:副词和副词词组用法
(2020-05-24 07:57:41)
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365副词和副词词组词组成分句子成分状语 |
副词和副词词组的主要用法
副词（词组）的主要旬法功能是在词组中和句中作修饰成分，下面就从这两方面来谈：
1)
副词在词组中作修饰语
副词能在动词词组、形容词词组、副词词组、介词词组等词组中修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词、限定词，以及修饰个别名词词组
a)
They
completely
ignored my views.
I
entirely
agree with her.
I
rather
like him.
They can
hardly
ignore our views.
She
kind
of
hoped to be invited.
I
sort
of
thought you might say that.
这里的
completely,
entirely,
rather,
hardly, kind
of,
sort
of
都是一些程度副词，对随后的动词起强调、强化、弱化等修饰作用它们是动词词组的组成部分，从而不同于状语
(adverbial) 。副词在作形容词、副词、介词等修饰语时，也都是词组成分，而不是分句成分
(clause element)。
b)
修饰形容词·
That
was
a
very
funny film.
He had an
unusually
deep voice 他有着深沉有力的嗓音。
Two men
were
in
the
street,
one
of
whom
seemed
slightly
familiar.
I
was
that
hungry
I
could
have
eaten a horse.
I'm
feeling
kind
of
tired.
c)
修饰副词
She's
a clever
girl, and has learnt the new
work
very
quickly.
He drives
extremely
carefully.
Do
it
right
now. 就现在，别延误。
He spoke
sort
of
proudly.
副词的上述用法都作前置修饰语，只有
enough
例外，作后置修饰语：
She cooks well
enough.
He didn't run fast
enough.
d)
修饰介词和连词
少数几个副词（如
well,
right,
just,
soon
等）也可用千修饰介词：
I
can't reach
it;
it's
well
(远远地）
over my head.
There's
the house,
right
in front
of you.
His parents are
dead
(完全地）
against the trip.
e) 修饰限定词
某些程度副词可作前置修饰语修饰限定词。
We walked
about
5
miles.
There
were
quite
a
lot
of
people at Louis's
party.
Virtually
(差不多）
all
the students participated
in
the discussion.
They recovered
roughly
(大约）
half their
equipment.
I didn't have
more
than
a
dollar
类似的用法还有
exactly
the
same,
much
the
same.
This machine
is
exactly
the
same
in
design as the other one.这台机器的设计类似于另一台。
They did
it
in
much
the same
way.
也可修饰连词
Just when/Soon after
we
left
the
house,
it
started
to
rain.
f)
修饰名词和整个名词词组：
在非正式语体中，少数几个（如
quite,
rather
等）程度副词能作前置修饰语，置于限定词之前修饰整个名词词组。
It
takes
quite
some time.
That's
quite
a story. 那还真是个故事。
She's
rather
a
fool.
还有一些地点副词和时间副词能作后置修饰语修饰名词，例如：
the way
ahead,
the
direction
back,
也有些副词，包括上述某些副词，也能作前置修饰语修饰名词 （有些辞书已把这种能用作前置修饰语的副词收入形容词条目。）。
the
downstairs
part
of
the house，
2)
副词词组在句中作状语
用作状语的副词词组在句中起三种作用：一是作修饰性状语
(adjunct);
二是作评注性状语
(disjunct)
;
Recently
they had an accident.
They
recently
had an accident.
They had an accident
recently.
方式副词词组置于句尾者居多。
They
live
frugally. 他们生活节俭。
He
always
drives
carefully.
We
all
listened
patiently.
但有时由于修辞需要也可置于句首.
Noiselessly
she crept across the floor, got the
door
open
without
a sound, and
was
outside.
Quietly
she
walked
on and on.
地点副词词组位千句尾者居多。
The
porter
will take
you
luggage
upstairs.
The
captain told
the
sailors
to
go
below.
I read
to
the bottom
of
the page
and
decided to
stop
there.
I
couldn't
find
it
though I'd looked
everywhere.
关于副词词组作评注性状语和连接性状语。
Frankly
(坦白地说）， I can
do nothing about
it.
Briefly
(简而言之），
she
didn't want to speak to
him.
Do
it
now.
Otherwise
it
will
be
too late. 就现在，否则就太晚了。
Tom
hasn't
arrived yet.
He
may,
however,
come
later.
在上例中的frankly，briefly
是评注性状语；而otherwise,
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