加载中…章振邦语法英语句子汉译:-ing分词分句
(2020-05-13 16:05:23)
标签：
365-ing分词分句-ing分词现在分词句法功能 |
-ing
-ing
分词作谓语动词的分句结构叫做
-ing
1)
-ing
分词分句的结构模式
-ing
分词分句有的既不带主语，也不带从属连词；有的带主语；有的带从属连词。
a)
不带主语和从属连词的
-ing
分词分句
-ing分词分句通常不带自己的主语，也不带从属连词
所谓不带主语，是指
-ing
分词分句的逻辑主语通常可以在特定的上下文或情景中判定。
[1]
One
of
my
bad habits is
biting nails
(咬指甲）. 我的 坏习惯是咬指甲。
[2]
He denied
having
been
there
(到过那儿）.
[3]
I
have a
friend living in
London
(住在伦敦）.
[4]
I
heard
him singing
in
the
next
room
(在隔壁房内唱歌）.
[5]
Beating a child
(打小孩）
will
do
more
harm than good
(有害无益）.
有一些表示说话人对说话内容所待态度的
-ing
分词分句，已经成为固定用语，其逻辑主语有时是说话人，有时是泛指人们。
Judging from
what
you
say
(从你所说的未判断），
he
has
done
his
best.
Generally speaking
(一般地说），
this
book
is
not
very
difficult.
这是以
-ing
分词分句作评注性状语。
b)
带从属连词的
-ing
分词分句
有时，
-ing
分词分句可以带有从属连词 。带从属连词的
-ing分词分句的逻辑主语通常也是主句的主语。
When sleeping
(入睡的时候）， I never
He
wrote
his greatest
novel
while working
as
an
ordinary
seaman
(当三等水兵的时候）.
Whether waking
or
sleeping
(不论醒着还是睡着），
the
subject
is
always
in
his
mind.
Though understanding
no
Greek
(虽然不懂希腊语），
Charles
was
able
to
communicate
(交谈）
with
c)
带主语的
-ing
分词分句
-ing
分词分句也能带有自己的主语，这有以下几种情况。
第一，
-ing
分词分旬作宾语时
Do you
mind
my /
My
parents
object
to
me /
第二
-ing
分词分句作介词补足成分（即介词宾语）时
I'm
annoyed about
John /
John
doesn't like the
idea
of
me
/my
being
mixed
up in
this affair
(我参与此事）．
第三
-ing
分词分句作主语时
You /
It
helped them to
make
friends quickly, his
being
the
only
doctor
in
the village
(他是村里唯一的医生）.
It's no use
your
pretending
to
be
deaf
(你装聋）．
第四，
-ing
分词分句作通常所说的“独立结构”时
The
last
bus
having
gone
(因为末班车开走了），
we
had to
walk
home.
The
report
having
been
read
(报告宣读之后），
lively discussion began.
So
many
members
being
absent
(由于那么多会员缺席），
the
meeting had to be put off.
“独立结构”中的
having
been
being
有时可以省去
例如：
The question (having
been)
settled
(问题解决之后），
the
meeting
adjourned
(休会）.
The children were watching the acrobatic
show
(杂技表演），
their
eyes
(being) wide
open
(眼睛睁得大大的）．
这样，前一例就成了
-ed
分词分句，后一例则成了无动词分句
(Verbless
Clause)。
独立结构有时也可由介词
with
引出，其句法功能与通常的独立结构相同。
With the
tree
growing
tall
(树长高了），
we
get more shade.
He sat
with
his
arms
hanging straight
down
by
his sides
(两臂直垂身旁）.
2) -ing 分词的句法功能
关于
-ing
分词分句作宾语的用法巳在前面重点阐述，这里讲其他几个用法问题。
a) -ing 分词分句和不定式分句一样都可在句中作主语、宾语、主语补语和宾语补语，有时意义没有区别，有时意义略有不同。
Flying
a
plane
is
dangerous.
To
fly
a
plane
is
dangerous.
I like
getting
up
early.
I like
to
get
up
early.
Our
I taught him
to
speak
English.
在以上各组句子中，用
-ing
I hate
to tell a lie.
I am looking
fo
box
to
hold
chessmen.
在上述第一组句子中，用
-ing
分词分句，表示一般的”说谎“行为，这时
telling
lies
的逻辑主语泛指
般的人。若用不定式分句，则表示特定的”说谎“行为，其逻辑主语应是主句的主语
在上述第二组句子中，for
holding
chessmen,
泛指一般的目的，若要指一次特定的目的，则须用不定式分句。
I
noticed an old
man crossing the
road.
I noticed an
old
man
cross the
road.
在上述第一句中用
-ing
分词分句表示动作正在进行，即非全过程；而用不定式分句则表示动作巳经完成，
即全过程
b)
-ing分词 分句可在句中作状语表示多种意义
作时间状语
Climbing to the top
of
the
tower,
we saw a magnificent view.
While flying
over
the Channel,
he saw a ship sinking.
作原因状语
Being a hardworking
young
man,
he
is
praised by
all
his fellow
workers.
Having worked
hard
all day, I
was ready for bed
by eight o'clock.
作条件状语
A
large
meteor（流星）
hitting the
moon
(=
if
it
hits the moon) would
melt the surface
rock
by the
You
will
make yourself more
tired, keeping
on
your
feet(=
if you keep
on
your feet).
作让步状语
Knowing all this,
they still insisted on
my paying
for
Many boys,
having
had
few
advantages
in
their youth,
have
nevertheless
done great
things
for
作结果状语
He
spread a
rumour
It rained
heavily, causing severe flooding
in
that
area.
表示伴随状况
He
ran
up to her,
breathing
heavily.
The
old
man was
fast
asleep,
holding a
book
in his hand.
喜欢
0
赠金笔