加载中…章振邦语法英语句子汉译:带不定式或-ing分词的动词
(2020-05-12 09:41:23)
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365带不定式和-ing分词的带不定式和现在分词的动词 |
带不定式或
有些动词既能直接带不定式又能直接带
-ing
分词作宾语，有的意义无甚区别，有的意义不同。
1)
能带不定式和
-ing
分词而意义无甚区别的动词
attempt,
begin,
can't
bear, continue, deserve, dread,
hate, intend,
like,
loathe, love,
a)
begin,
can't bear, cease, continue,
dread,
like,
love,
neglect,
omit, prefer,
I
can't
bear
living
alone.
I
can't
bear
to
see
the child treated stupidly.
I dread falling
ill.
I
dread
to
think
of being ill.
He neglected checking the list
of
orders.
Mrs Jones often neglected
to
answer
the letter right away.
Phillip preferred doing
it his way.
He prefers
to
go
by
train this evening.
I
don't
like watching television.
I'd like to
swim
today.
b)
need,
want,
require,
deserve
等动词之后，可用
-ing
分词的主动形式表示被动意义，这相当于用不定式的被动态。
This letter needs signing
by
the
manager. = This letter needs
to
be
signed
by
the manager.
Your
car urgently
required
seeing
to.=
Your
car
urgently required
to
be
seen
to.
The
house
wants
rewiring.
=
The house
wants to
be
rewired.
That
boy deserves looking after. =
That boy
deserves to
be
looked
after.
c)
begin,
start
之后虽然既能跟不定式也能跟
-ing
分词，但若跟的是静态动词，便只能用不定式。
We began
to
see
what he meant.我们开始明白他的意思。
She began
to believe
his story. 她开始相信他的故事。
begin,
start
巳用千进行体时，其后的动词也用不定式形式。
It's beginning to
rain.
I'm starting
to work
on my essay next week.
在attempt, intend, plan 之后
可以用不定式或这-ing分词都可以。
She attempted
to lie /
I
hear they
intend
to
marry /
I planned
to
go / planned going
myself.我计划自己去。
但以跟不定式比较普通。如果上述动词为进行体，那就只能跟不定式。
We are
planning to visit
France this
summer.
2)
能带不定式和
-ing
分词意义不同的动词
a) 在remember,
forget
之后，用-ing分词表示动作发生在“记得“、忘记”之前，用不定式则表示动作发生在“记得”“忘记”之后。
Can't
you
remember
telling
me the story
last
night?
= You told
me
the
story last
night.
Can't
you
remember it?
You
must remember
to
tell
him
all
that. 你一定要记得把这些都告诉他。
= You must tell him
all
that.
Don't
forget
it.
I
shall
never forget
seeing
the Great Wall.
= I
saw
the Great Wall, and I shall never forget
the
experience.
I
was
so busy
that
I
forgot
to
see
the Great Wall.
= I
was
so busy that
it
didn't come to my mind that I should see the Great
Wall.
regret
也属于这一类。
I regret
telling
you that John stole
it.
= I regret that I told you
…很遗憾我告诉过你......
I regret
to tell
you that John stole
it.
= I am sorry to tell you
…
不过，上述第一句也可理解为
regret
that
I
am
now telling
you
... 。
b)
stop,
go
on
等动词-后，通常用
-ing
分词结构作宾语；若用不定式结构，便不是宾语而是目的状语相当于
in
order
to。
They stopped
watching
TV
at 9:30. =
At
9:30 they did not watch
TV
any
more.九点半他们不再看电视了。
They stopped
to watch
TV
at 9:30. = They stopped
what
they were doing at 9:30
in
order to
watch
She
went
on
reading.
= She continued to read
without
interruption.
Father said
Mother
had
gone to hospital, and went on
to
say
that Grandmother
was
coming to take
c) 在try,
mean
, can't
help 等动词之后，用
-ing
分词结构还是用不定式结构，取决于这些动本身的不同含义。
Your
plan
would
mean
spending
hours.
(mean
作“意味着“解）
I
didn't mean
to
make
you angry.
(mean
作“打算"'"有意“解）
If
you
want
to
improve
the taste,
try
adding
some
sugar.
(try
作“试着、试用“解）
Philip tried to
answer
each question by himself.
(try
作“努力、设法”解）
d) 在 agree,
decide
等动词之后，可直接带不定式，但若带
-ing
分词，则须在
-ing
分词之前添加介词。
They
agreed
to
share/ on remuneration
(报酬）．
In
the
end
she
decided to
buy /
e) 在 encourage,
permit,
allow,
recommend,
advise, authorize 等动词之后，一般用
-ing分词结构作宾语，但也可用带有自己逻辑主语的不定式结构。
They
encouraged learning
English
by
radio
and
television.
They
encouraged
me
to learn English
by
radio
and
television.
She
doesn't
allow
talking
here.
She
doesn't
allow
us
to talk
here.
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