章振邦语法英语句子汉译:-ing分词与-ing分句_信息流翻译观

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章振邦语法英语句子汉译:-ing分词与-ing分句

(2020-05-11 10:40:55)

标签：

365 -ing分词

-ing分句

现在分词

动名词

-ing分词与动词的搭配关系

所讲的 -ing 分词 (-ing participle) 包括传统语法所指的“现在分词" (present participle) 和“动名词" (gerund) 本讲主要介绍 -ing 分词与动词的搭配关系为了更好地说明问题，有必要以不定式的相应用法作比较说明。

本节介绍“动词+ ing 分词“以及“动词＋宾语＋介词+ -ing 分词“这两种搭配关系

1) 能带 -ing 分词而不能带不定式的动词

英语中有一些动词能带 -ing 分词结构而不能带不定式结构作宾语。这类动词常见的有 admit, acknowledge, anticipate, advocate, appreciate, avoid, can't help, can't resist, can'l stand, consider, contemplate, defer, delay, deny, detest, dislike, don't mind, ensure, enjoy, escape, excuse, evade, facilitate, fancy, favour, finish, give up, imagine, include, keep (on), mind, miss, pardon, postpone, practise, put off, resenl, report, risk, stop, suggest。

He acknowledged being ignorant of the facts. 他承认一无所知。

I can't resist bargaining. 我忍不住讨价还价。

Carlos just missed being caught. 卡洛斯没被抓住。

Please pardon my disturbing you. 请原谅我打扰你。

We appreciate your inviting us to your party. 感谢你邀请我们参加你的聚会。

I hope you didn't contemplate coming with us on this trip. 我希望你没有打算和我们一起去旅行。

She said she had always detested seeing a bullfight. 她说她一直讨厌看斗牛。

They denied giving any further information to help the police. 他们否认把进一步的消息提供给警方。

I hope that by posting the final six pages now at midday I shall ensure your receiving them before the weekend proper. 我希望邮寄最后六页的时间是在中午，确保您收到它们过周末。

关于 -ing 分词的逻辑主语 (logical subject), 有三种情况：一种情况是，在特定的语境中， -ing 分词的逻辑主语对于谈话双方是不言而喻的，因而无需表示出来。

Father suggested going by bus. 父亲建议坐公共汽车。

谁乘公共汽车去，有多少人去，去的人中是否包括父亲在内，这在特定的场合听话人是不会误解的。第二种清况是， -ing 分词的逻辑主语已在句中其他地方出现，因而也无需表示出来。

Would you mind ringing me up tomorrow? 你介意给我打电话的时间为明天吗？

显然这里 -ing 分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语 you 第三种情况是， -ing 分词本身带有自己的主语，因而必须表示出来,这主要见于 -ing 分词的主语没有在句中其他地方出现过，如果不表示出来，往往会产生歧义。

She insisted on me going.

在这一例中， going 的主语是 me, 如果略去了 me, 那就成了“她坚持要去”，而不是“她坚持要我去”。-ing 分词的逻辑主语既能采用名词通格和名词属格形式，也能采用代词宾格和物主限定词形式。

我不反对约翰（他）买多一个。这里就有四个英文句子供选择。

她承认出错了。

The watchman reported finding the door open. - The watchman reported that he had found the door open.

看守的报告说他发现门开着。

He anticipated getting much pleasure from the reading of that book. He anticipated that he would get much pleasure from the reading of that book. 他预料许多乐趣源于阅读的那本书。

2) 动词＋宾语＋介词+-ing 分词

有一些动词不能直接带 -ing 分词，而必须在动词之后加宾语再加介词，这才能带 -ing 分词在这里，常见的介词是 into, from。“动词＋宾语+into+ -ing 分词" :

He tricked her into marrying him by pretending that he was rich. 他骗她嫁给他的手段是假装有钱。

Don't let his friendly words mislead you into trusting him. 别让他友好的话误导你相信他。

I shamed him into returning the stolen money. 我让他蒙羞，把偷来的钱还了。

Her sudden question surprised him into betraying himself. 她突然提出的问题使他吃惊地背叛了自己。

Bob talked us into walking home with him. 鲍勃说服我们步行回家好陪他。

She trapped him into admitting that he liked her. 她诱使他承认他喜欢她。

能用于这类结构的动词还有 beguile, blackmail, cajole, coerce, deceive, fool 又例如:“动词＋宾语+from+ -ing 分词" :

Nothing would stop me from achieving my ambition. 没有什么能阻止我实现我的抱负。

There was nothing to prevent her from doing so. 没有什么能阻止她做成这样。

What kept you from joining me? 是什么阻止你加入我？

Don't let me hinder you from going. 别让我妨碍你去。

He could hardly restrain himself from shouting aloud. 他禁不住喊叫，声音很大。

A sailor saved him from drowning. 一个水手把救了他，没被淹死。

这类结构中的动词的基本含义是“使.. …·不＂有时介词 from 也可略。

We must prevent the trouble (from) spreading. 我们必须防止麻烦扩大。

The rain prevented me (from) coming. 下雨使我没能来。

I must stop you (from) destroying yourself. 我必须阻止你毁灭自己。

We can't stop it (from) happening here. 我们无法组织这件事情发生在这里。

以上是就主动语态如果是被动态，介词不可省略。

It can't be stopped from happening here. 这事不可能不会发生在这里。

却不可以说 x It can't be stopped happening here.

以此类推，下面例句中的斜体部分入上述结构处理。

I do thank you most warmly for doing the job for us. 我真的很是感激，您做这项工作都是为了我们好。

The Head has congratulated John on coming out top. 领导祝贺约翰出类拔萃。

The police have accused Jim of exceeding the speed limit. 警察已经指控吉姆超速。

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