加载中…章振邦语法英语句子汉译:不定式符号取舍
(2020-05-06 11:26:40)
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365选择介词to和不定式符号to介词to不定式符号to |
关千不定式符号的几个问题
不定式是由不定式符号
to+
动词原形构成，如果省略了动词原形，便只剩下了不定式符号了。
1)
不定式符号的单独使用
为了避免重复
，可以省略不定式符号之后的动词原形及其补足成分 这种不定式符号的单独使用常见于非正式语体。
George
says he is going to
leave
Shanghai, but I don't think he really wants
to.
We should like Jane to get a good degree, but we don't really
expect her
to.
You
may go if you wish
to.
He
always speaks
faster
than he needs
to.
A
number
of
veterans
(老队员）retired,
and some were ready
to.
如果不定式符号之后的动词原形是
be/
have,
在省略句中通常要保留
be/
have,
但随后的成分仍可省。
A:
Aren't you the manager?
B:
No, and I don't want
to
be.
A:
He hasn't finished yet.
B:
Well, he ought
to have.
有时不定式符号和随后的动词及其补足成分可以一起省略。
I'd like
to do
it
now, but I haven't got the time (to).
You
will
make
it
if
you try (to).
2)
不定式符号的省略
当两个带
to
不定式由
and /or
连接时，第二个不定式符号常可省略。
I intend
to call
on him
and
discuss
this question
again.
Christina hardly knew
whether to laugh
or
cry.
She asked me
to
telephone
or
wire
to her on Monday.
但若两个并列的带
to
不定式有对比含义，第二个不定式符号便不能省略。
To
be,
or
not
to
be,
that
is
the question.
存在还是毁灭，是个要考虑的问题．
I
haven't decided
to
go
home
or
to
stay
at school this
summer.
在不用并列连词的情况下，第二个不定式符号也不能省略。
Please go to the seaside
to swim, to
get
suntanned.
He likes
to
stay
with the peasants,
to
work in
the fields with
them.
当三个或三个以上带
to
不定式构成排比结构
(parallel construction)
时，所有的不定式符号均须保留。
Read
not
to
contradict
or
confute;
nor
to believe and
take
for
granted;
nor
to
find talk and
3)
不定式符号
to
与介词
to
的辨别
我国学生在使用 object
to / be
used
to
这类结构时常会出错，以为这里的
to
是不定式
to,
因而会说 I / I'm
used
to
do
it
这样的病句来。殊不知，这里的
to
不是不定式
to,
而是介词to。
既是介词
to,
其后就应跟名词／代词，如果其后为动词，则应采用
-ing
分词形式
解决这一问题的办法是熟悉一些常见的含介词
to
的搭配，这可以说是矛盾的主要方面，抓住了它，不定式
to
与介词
to的辨别问题便可迎刃而解。下面提供七种类型含介词
to
的搭配
为了更能说明各类搭配中的
to
是介词
to,
例句中尽可能地采用
"to+
-ing
分词形式”以便识别。
a) 动词＋介词
to
这类搭配常见的有
add
to
(增加），
agree
to
(同意，答应，允诺），
adhere
to
(坚持），
admit
to
(承认、供认），
allude
to
(暗示），
amount
to
(总计，等于），
attend
to
(注意，照顾），
attest
to
(证明），bow
to
(向..
…低头，顺从），
cling
to
(坚守），
come
to
(到达，涉及），
correspond
to
(相当于，等于），confess
to
(承认，供认），
consent
to
(同意，答应，应允），
contribute
to
(有助于，促成），
object
to（反对，不赞成），
get
to
(开始做某事），
pertain
to
(属千），
react
to
(反应），
resort
to
(诉诸），
revert
Keeping what
belongs to
another amounts
to
stealing.
Ann's father
would
not consent to her
marrying
a foreigner.
She
confessed to
(having)
a
dread
of
spiders.她承认害怕蜘蛛。
He
admitted
to
having taken
the money.
He's
stopped
taking drugs now, but he may revert to
taking
them
again.
Mary
took to
being
out frequently
in
the evening.
He
witnessed
to
having
seen
the man enter the building.
Mary's
father
has
agreed to her
marrying
John.
He
swore
to
having
paid
for the
goods.
When
it
comes to
helping
his
wife
with
the housework, John never
grumbles.
Lying
in
bed,
unable
to
sleep,
I
got
to
thinking
how nice
it
would
be to go away and start a new
life
以上最后四例中的
agree,
swear, come,
get
若接不定式则含义不同。
We agreed
to
do it.（表示“听从别人而同意")
He
swore
to
tell the
truth.
(表示“发誓要")
He
came
to
realize
that he
was
mistaken.
(表示“终于明白")
When you get
to
know
him,
you'll
like him.
(表示“达到认识阶段")
b) 动词＋名词／代词＋介词
to
这类搭配常见的有ascribe
...
to
(归因于），
apply
...
to
(致力于），
at
bu
te
...
to
(归因于），abbreviate
...
to
(缩写为），
accustom
...
to
(使习惯于），
confine
...
to
(限于……范围内），
commit
...
to（使负有责任），
devote
...
to
(致力于），
dedicate
...
to
(奉献），
owe
...
to
(归功千），
prefer
...
to
(较喜欢），
reconcile
...
to
(安于），
reduce
...
to
(使变小，降低），
resign
...
to
(听任）等。
He
attributes
his
success to
hard
work
/
working
hard.
He has
devoted his whole
life to
benefiting
mankind.
I have
committed
myself
to
helping
him.
The doctor devoted himself
to
finding a
cure.
You
must
accustom
yourself
to
getting
up
early.
He
applied
himself to
learning
English.
He
has
resigned
himself
to never
being
able to
walk
again.
It's hard to reconcile oneself to
being
sick
a long time.
c）动词+
-ed
分词＋介词
这类搭配常见的有
be
accustomed to
(惯千），
be
abbreviated to
(缩写为），
be
reduced
to
(落到，使变小），
be
resigned
to
(听任），
be
reconciled to
(安心于，顺从），
be
devoted
to
(致力于，热爱），
be
He
is resigned
to
losing
the
competition.
I'm now quite reconciled to
living
in
London.
He
was
reduced to
begging
for food.
be
used
to /
be
accustomed
to 属同义结构，不同的是后者也能接不定式。
He is quite
used to
hard
work/
working
hard.
He is accustomed to
doing
hard
work /
to
do
hard
work.
d) 动词+副词小品词+介词to
这类搭配常见的有
get
round
to
(找到时间做某事），
get
down to
(开始认真做某事），
get
near
to
(几乎，接近于），
face
up to
(勇敢地面对），
feel
up to
(有条件／适合做某事），
look
forward
to
(盼望，期待）。
Their
eldest
son
is
returning
from Britain to Australia
for
good,
to get
down to
managing
the
estate.
After a long delay,
he got round to
writing
the
letter.
His
suggestions went very
near to
resolving
our
dilemma.
I'm
so tired
I
don't
think I feel up to
going
shopping
today.
We're
looking forward to
seeing
you
again.
e) 形容词+介词to
That
is
tantamount to
saying
that
you do
not
agree.
Whatever
you
may say,
she
is
deaf
to
reasoning.
f) 名词+介词to
Your
lack
of
experience
will
prove a
hindrance
to
your
earning
a
livelihood.
The
classroom
is provided
with some
visual aids to
teaching
English.
g) 以介词to结尾的复杂介词
He
wrote
to me preliminary
to
visiting
me.
He
went
to
night
school
preparatory
to
attending
college.
He
lit
his
cigar previous
to
leaving
the house.
In
addition to
seeing
a
lot
of
historical
sites,
he
called
on a lot
of
old friends
while
he
was
in
Father spoke about school
in
relation
to
finding a job
when we
are
older.
I am writing
with
a view to
finding
out
whether you
have any news
about
my
son.
He
bought
the old
house
with
an eye to
making
it a
hotel.
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