加载中…章振邦语法英语句子汉译：情态动词表胆敢需要及其他
(2020-05-02 22:26:02)
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表示“胆敢"、“需要”及其他
1) 表示 “胆敢＂
表示“胆敢＂，通常用 dare, dare 既可用作情态助动词，也可用作主动词。作为情态助动词， dare通常只用于否定陈述句和疑问句。
I dare not
go there.我不敢去那儿。
He dare not
jump
from the top of the wall.他不敢跳下墙来。
How dare he say such
rude things about me?
dare 作为情态助动词多用现在时形式，但它既可指现在时间，也可指过去时间。
The president was so hot-tempered that
no one dare tell
him the bad news.
dare 的否定形式 (daren't) 也可指过去时间。
Tom wanted to
come, but he daren't.
dare 还可用作主动词
。作为主动词， dare 也通常用于否定句和疑问旬，随后的不定式可带 to, 也可不带 to。
She didn't dare (to) say
anything about it.
她不敢说这件事。
He does not dare (to)
answer.
Does she dare (to) go
there alone?她敢去那儿不带上别人？
dare 的过去时形式dared通常只用于文学语言等正式语体，也还是用于否定意义。
Nobody dared lift their
eyes from the ground.
They hardly dared
breathe walked past
the door.
2) 表示“需要“
表示“需要“做某事，“必须“做某事，可用 need。 也是既可作情态助动词，也可作主动词作为情态助动词， need 也只用于否定句和疑问句。
He needn't worry about
it.
Need I
collect the parcel (取包裹） myself?
need 作清态助动词提问，其答语如果是肯定的，须用 must; 如果答语是否定的，则用 needn't。
Need we
work late today?
需要加班吗，今天？
No, but we must tomorrow.
不，但我们明天必须去。
{Need I
tell Elizabeth at
once? 需要马上告诉伊丽莎白，不得有误吗？
No, you needn't tell her just yet.
询问对方是否＂需要“、“必须“做某事，既可用 need, 也可用 must 如前所述，对于这类问题的答语如果是否定的，都得用needn't don't have to, 而不能用 mustn't。
I dare say这一惯用语除外 dare say 也可写成 daresay . 意为“我想..' "我恐怕＂
I dare say you are right. 我想你是对的。
It'll rain tomorrow, I daresay. 明天恐怕要下而。
A: Must I
see a doctor at once?
B: No,
you needn't / have to see
a doctor for the time being.
"needn't+ 不定式完成体”表示过去本来不必做某事却做了。
You needn't have bought that
house.
She needn't have been worrying about it.
由此可见，didn't need to， needn't have+ -ed 的含义是有区别的。
I didn't need to go
to the station.
I needn't have gone to
the station.
这两句表示过去某时“我不必到车站去”，前一句表示因为没有必要而不曾前往，后一句则表示本无必要却在过去某时去了车站
3) should/ would 的其他用法
should 在某些语境中可能并不表示具体的请态意义，而仅表示话语中的感情色彩，如腕惜、忧虑、欢欣、惊讶等 此种 should 叫做 putative should。
It's a pity that he should leave
so soon.
They were
sorely
distressed that their motherland should be in such
great danger.
They were amazed that she should have done
so much in so
short a time.
It's unbelievable that he should be
working so hard.
It's marvellous
that somebody should have
imaginations like that.
又例如在某些惯用的疑问句和感叹句中：
How should
I know? (我怎么会知道？）
Why should he
be resigning? (他为什么要辞职呢？）
That he should dare
to attack me! (想不到他竟敢攻击我！）
Who should come in but the
mayor himself? (你道是谁进来了，是市长自己呀！）
还可用在某些语境中与 be 型虚拟式交替使用：
I insisted that
he go / should go with
me.
It is imperative that we have / should have a
strong air force.
The order that all civilians (平民） be evacuated I should be evacuated was
soon carried out.
在下列状语分句中也不带具体的情态意义：
They got warmly
dressed for fear that they should catch cold.
She took a taxi to
the station so that she should not
miss the train.
He ran away lest he should be
found by people.
此外， should 还可以和 say, think 搭配表示婉转口气。
I should say
he is just the
right man for the job.
I should think your
approach is correct.
关于 should 在某些条件句中的用法，参见would 也可在特定语境中表示婉转的口气。
I don't think
he would be
so careless.
It would be
a shame to stop our work halfway.
Aren't you tired?
I would / should have thought you had done
enough for today.
还可用于客气的请求：
Would you like to
stay here
for the night?
What would you
advise me to do?
还可用于委婉的建议：
Wouldn't it be
better for us to start off a little earlier tomorrow
morning?
It wouldn't be a bad idea for us to
hold two separate meetings for the two problems.
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