加载中…章振邦语法英语句子汉译:情态助动词表示胆敢需要及其他
(2020-05-02 21:45:28)
标签：
365胆敢需要 |
表示“胆敢"、“需要”及其他
1) 表示 “胆敢＂
表示“胆敢＂，通常用
dare,
dare
既可用作情态助动词，也可用作主动词。作为情态助动词，
dare通常只用于否定陈述句和疑问句。
I
dare
not go there.我不敢去那儿。
He
dare
not jump
from
the
top
of
the
wall.他不敢跳下墙来。
How
dare
he
say
such rude things about me?
dare
作为情态助动词多用现在时形式，但它既可指现在时间，也可指过去时间。
The president
was
so
hot-tempered
that no one
dare
tell him the bad news.
dare
的否定形式
(daren't)
也可指过去时间。
Tom
wanted
to come, but he
daren't.
dare
还可用作主动词 。作为主动词，
dare
也通常用于否定句和疑问旬，随后的不定式可带
to,
也可不带
to。
She didn't
dare
(to)
say anything about
it. 她不敢说这件事。
He does not
dare
(to) answer.
Does she
dare
(to)
go there alone?她敢去那儿不带上别人？
dare
的过去时形式dared通常只用于文学语言等正式语体，也还是用于否定意义。
Nobody
dared
lift
their eyes from the ground.
They hardly
dared breathe
2)
表示“需要“
表示“需要“做某事，“必须“做某事，可用
need。
He
needn't
worry
about it.
Need
I collect the parcel
(取包裹）
myself?
need
作清态助动词提问，其答语如果是肯定的，须用
must;
如果答语是否定的，则用
needn't。
Need
we work late today?
需要加班吗，今天？
No, but
we
must
tomorrow.
不，但我们明天必须去。
{Need
I tell Elizabeth at
once? 需要马上告诉伊丽莎白，不得有误吗？
No,
you
needn't
tell
her j ust
yet.
询问对方是否＂需要“、“必须“做某事，既可用
need,
也可用
must
如前所述，对于这类问题的答语如果是否定的，都得用
needn't
don't
have
to,
而不能用
mustn't。
I
dare
say这一惯用语除外
dare
say
也可写成
daresay
.
意为“我想..'
"我恐怕＂
I
dare
say
you
are
right.
我想你是对的。
It'll
rain
tomorrow,
I
daresay.
明天恐怕要下而。
A:
Must
I see a
doctor at
once?
B:
No, you
needn't /
"needn't+
不定式完成体”表示过去本来不必做某事却做了。
You
needn't
have
bought
that house.
She
needn't
have
been
worrying
about
it.
由此可见，didn't
need
to，
needn't
have+
-ed
的含义是有区别的。
I
didn't
need
to
go to the station.
I
needn't
have
gone
to the station.
这两句表示过去某时“我不必到车站去”，前一句表示因为没有必要而不曾前往，后一句则表示本无必要却在过去某时去了车站
3)
should/
would
的其他用法
should
在某些语境中可能并不表示具体的请态意义，而仅表示话语中的感情色彩，如腕惜、忧虑、欢欣、惊讶等
此种
should
叫做
putative
should。
It's a pity that he
should
leave so soon.
They
were
sorely
distressed
that
their
motherland
should
be
in
such great
danger.
They were amazed that she
should
have
done so much
in
so short a time.
It's unbelievable that he
should
be working so
hard.
It's marvellous
that
somebody
should
have imaginations like
that.
又例如在某些惯用的疑问句和感叹句中：
How
should I
know?
(我怎么会知道？）
Why
should
he be resigning?
(他为什么要辞职呢？）
That
he
should
dare to attack
me! (想不到他竟敢攻击我！）
Who
should
come
in
but
the mayor
himself?
(你道是谁进来了，是市长自己呀！）
还可用在某些语境中与
be
型虚拟式交替使用：
I
insisted
that he
go / should
go
with me.
It
is
imperative
that
we
have / should
have
a strong air force.
The order that
all
civilians
(平民）
be
evacuated
I
should
be
evacuated
was soon carried out.
在下列状语分句中也不带具体的情态意义：
They got warmly
dressed
for
fear
that
they
should
catch
cold.
She took a
taxi
to the station so that she
should
not miss the train.
He ran away
lest
he
should
be found by people.
此外，
should
还可以和
say,
think
搭配表示婉转口气。
I
should
say he
is just
the right man for
the job.
I should
think
your approach
is
correct.
关于
should
在某些条件句中的用法，参见would
也可在特定语境中表示婉转的口气。
I
don't
think he
would
be so careless.
It
would
be a shame to stop our
work
halfway.
Aren't
you
tired? I
would / should
have
thought
you
had
done enough for
today.
还可用于客气的请求：
Would
you
like
to stay
here for
the
night?
What
would
you advise me to do?
还可用于委婉的建议：
Wouldn't it be
better for us to start off a little earlier tomorrow
morning?
It
wouldn't
be
a
bad
idea
for
us
to hold
two
separate
meetings
for
the
two
problems.
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