加载中…章振邦语法英语句子汉译:情态动词表示预见和推测
(2020-04-30 20:26:04)
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表示“预见“和“推测”
1) 表示“预见“
裘示“预见" (prediction), 即表示“单纯将来”，可用 will /
shall +不定式, shall 用于第一人称主语 ( I
/ shall) , will 用于第二、三人称主语 (You
/ will) 都可表示“单纯将来" (pure
future), 从而认为 (I / We)
shall / / 就是“将来时" (future
tense) 的标记 这条传统规则，尽管反映了一定时期英格兰标准英语的用法，却未能全面地确切反映 will
/ 南非的标准英语中， shall(表示“将来")已完全为 will 所取代 ，这就是说， will 可用于一切人称表示“将来”。
I will be
a different person when I
live in England.
We will have
a great time if we go
to the party.
You will be
hearing from me.
What will you do when the war is over?
She'll probably
last longer than you will.
The show will open
on Friday.
lt wii tomorrow.
Will it disturb if I keep
the lamp on for
a bit?
在非正式语体中， will 是常用于第一人称主语表示 “将来”，尤其常用 will
/ 缩略形式 'll, will
I'll book a table
at Francesco's.
I'll come in after and give
you a
hand.
"We'll going on
later for bridge," she explained.
We'll to the
party if we are
invited.
在当代美式英语中 will /
shall (表示“将来")几乎全部为 will/ would 或者 'll
/ 所取代。只有在法律文书中还常用
I shall 表示“将来”，当然并不排除 shall 用于第一人称主语表示“意图”和“决心”，更不排除 shall 用于第一人称主语表示征求对方意见。
I shall never do that
again.
We shall catch
the criminals wherever they hide themselves.
Shall I help you?
Shall we go?
2) 表示“推测" (assumption)
, 除用 should, ought to, 外，还可用 will/ would。 表示“推测”，其口气的肯定程度仅次于 must, 若用 would, 则口气的肯定程度又次于will。
They should / to be
home by now. (他们现在该到家了．）
They would be
home by now. (他们现在大概到家了．）
They will home
by now. (我估计他们现在一定到家了．）
They must be
home by now. (他们现在一定到家了．）
will/ would 表示“推测”可有三种情况：第一种是对特定事态的推测。
A: There's someone
coming upstairs.
B: That will be
Mary. (估计一定是玛丽．）
A: Who's knocking
at the door?
B: That will
be the postman. (估计一定是邮递员。）
若用 would 则口气不够肯定，但仍指现在时间。
A: Who's that man over
B: That will be
George, no doubt. (一定是乔治
B: That would be
George, I expect. (我想，大概是乔治
又例如：
She will all right
now. (她现在一定痊愈了。）
By now he
will be eating dinner.（估计他在用餐．）
They will have
arrived by now. (估计他们现在已经到了．）
第二种是对某些习惯性事态的推测，用 will 指现在习惯，用 would 则指过去习惯，均不重读。
A lion
will (狮子饿了才会攻击人．）
Pauline will work all day without
rest. (波林常常全天不停地工作。）
He'll stay in the
laboratory for and
nights until the experiment is finished.
Every day she'll sit there
for doing
nothing. (每天她总是在那里坐几小时无所事事。）
Before he would catch
the early bus every morning.
= Before
his retirement, he used to catch the early bus every
morning. (在他退休以前，每天早
晨总是赶早班公共汽车。）
第三种是对某些不受时限的客观过程的推测，只用will,
Oil will
float on water. = Oil
floats on water. (油总是浮于水面。）
Pigs eat anything. =Pigs eat anything. (猪什么都吃．）
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