加载中…章振邦语法英语句子汉译:情态动词表示意愿意图决心
(2020-04-30 20:38:24)
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情态助动词表示“意愿"、”意图”、“决心"
1）表示“意愿”
表示“意愿"
(willingness),
即愿意做某事，可用
will,
would,
shall,
will
表示“意愿＂，可用于一切人称的主语。
I will / I'll
lend you the
money
if
you
need.
Who
will / Who'll
go
with
me?
My
sister
will
help you
with
the luggage.
You
can help me if you
will.
will
相当于
be
willing
to。 will
用于第二、三人称主语疑问句时，是询问别人是否愿意做某事。
Will you
sing
at the party tomorrow evening? 想请你唱歌,晚会在明晚，愿意吗？
Will Alice accept the
invitation?
will
用于第二人称主语请求句时，为了缓和可能含有的命令口气，可在
Will
you
之后增添礼貌词语。
Will you
please
open the
door
for
me?
Will you
kindly help
me
with
the luggage?
还可用
Would
you, Would you please, Would you
be
good enough to, Would you like
to,
Would you
Would
you
pass me the salt,
please?
Would you kindly drive
me home?
Would
you
be
good
enough
to
send me some books?
Would
you
be
so
kind
as
to
look
after
my
luggage
when
I am away?
表示客气的请求，用
Would
you
...
?
但表示接受请求时，要用
will,
而不用
would。
Would you lend
me
your
pen a minute? - Certainly, I will.
Would you write to
me
as soon
as
you arrive? -
Yes,
I
will.
表示“不愿意”，用
will
not
/
won't。
I
will
not
do anything solely for money.
I sent Alice
the invitation,
but
she
won't
accept
it.
You'll
lend me a hand,
won't
you?
表示过去的”意愿”或过去不愿意做某事，可用
would, would
not /
wouldn't,
这种用法常见于间接引语中和过去时间语境中。
I asked him if he
would
help me
with
my
writing.
When I was at college,
I
wouldn't
read any books solely
for
pleasure.
He said that he
would
never
do anything like that.
shall
表示“意愿”一般适用于第二、三人称主语
这时， shall 所表示的”意愿”不是句子主语的”意愿＂，而是说话人的”意愿＂。
You
shall
stay
with
us as long
as
you like.
= I'm willing to let you stay
with
us as long
as you like.
He
shall
be praised if he works hard for the
people.
=
I'll
see
that
he
is praised if he works hard for the people.
shall
表示“意愿＂，在疑问句中是征询听话人的”意愿＂。
Shall
you take a holiday this summer?
Shall
my
daughter
do
the shopping for
you?
表示“意愿＂，还可用形容词、副词
willing,
willingly。
He's
quite
willing
to come.
Were
they
willing
to help?
Did
they
do
it
willingly.
Is
your father
willing
for you
to
go
abroad?
18
199She
is
not
willing
that she should get married at such an early
age.
Will
用作名词表”意愿＂，常见于
against
one's
will:
She
was
married
against
her
will.
2) 表示“意图”
表示
意图
(intention)
即“打算“做某事，也可用 will, would,
shall。
will
表示“意图，可用缩略形式
'II.
并可用于一切人称主语。
I
will
(=
am
going
to)
write
to her tomorrow.
Why will
you
go there?
I'll get
some
drinks. What'll you
have?
We
won't
stay longer than two
days.
He
won't
help me unless
I
accept his
offer.
如果表示过去的”意图＇或用在间接引语中，便可用
would。
He
would
see
her
the
next day,
so he didn't
write to
her.
He said he
wouldn't
shall
表示“意图＇，常见于第二、三人称主语之后，表示说话人的意图。
You
shall
get a promotion.(=
I'
ll
give you a promotion.)
He
shan't
come here.
(=
I
won't
let him
come
here.)
They
shall
not
pass.(=
We
won't
let them pass.)
shall
表示“意图”，若用于第一人称主语，听起来比较古板，在现代英语的口语中通常避免使用，这时shall 常为
will
所取代。
We
will /
I
won't / (shan't)
go
if
it rains.
Shall
示“意图
”用千疑问句中
(Shall
l / we
...
?)是征询听话人的意见或意图。
Shall
I carry the suitcase for you? = Do you
want
me to carry your suitcase?
Shall
we
have dinner? = Let's have dinner,
shall
we?
/
Do you agree with my intention to
have
在美式英语中，
shall
不管是表示“预见“（即表示“将来")、意愿”或“意图＇
，都常为
will
所取代，即使在征询说话人”意图＇的疑问句中，
Shall
I / we也常为
Should
I / we
.
所取代。
Should
I turn off the light?
What
should
we
do now?
表示“意图
”，除用
will,
shall,
be
going
to
外，还可用
intend,
plan,
mean,
intention，等。
I intend / plan / mean
to visit India some day.
It's my
intention / plan
to visit India some
day.
Where do you
plan / intend
to spend your summer holidays?
I don't
intend
to do
it.
I
have
no
intention
of
doing
it.
He
means / intends
to
make
her respect
him.
Do you think they
intended / / planned
to start another
war?
We
intended / Our
intention was
that this
bill
(提案）
should become law by the end of the
year.
3) 表示“决心”
表示“决心"
即坚持要做某事，也可用
will,
would,
shall,
均须重读，且不能用缩略形式
will
表示“决心”或“坚待'(insistence),
可用千一切人称的主语。
I'will(=
am determined
to) take the job and no one
is
going to
stop
me.
I 'won't
go
back
on my word. 我决不会食言。
If you'will
eat(=
insist on eating) too much pastry, you
can't
complain if
you
get
fat.
If you 'will go, you
may
go
at
once.
He'will
go
out(=
insists
on going out) without an overcoat
although
the weather is so
cold.
He'won't
do
(=
insists on not doing) what
he's
told.
如果表示过去的＂决心”，即过去坚持做某事，便可用
would。
She'would
marry him (= insisted
on marrying
him)
in
spite
of
my
warning that it
was
unwise.
He'would
climb the mountain regardless
of
danger.
The annoying thing was that
she 'would
make
a muddle
of
almost anything.
shall
(表示“决心")主要用于第二、三人称主语，表示说话人的强烈意志和决心。
You'shall
obey
my
orders.
= I insist that you obey
my
order.
He'shall
leave
the country at once. = I insist that he leave the country at
once.
They'shall
do
what
I
told
them
to.=
I'm
determined to make them
do
it.
shall
作这一用法的否定形式
shall
not
/
shan't
则表示说话人“禁止”或“威胁＂。
You 'shan't
get
away
with
it.=
I
will never allow you to
get
away
with
it.
You 'shall
not
have
it;
it's
mine.=
I
don't
allow you
to have
it.
No
one 'shall
stop me.
=
I
don't
allow
anybody
to stop me.
Foreign
countries 'shall
not interfere
in
our internal
affairs.
=
We
are determined
not
to allow
any
表示＇｀决心”
还可用以下词汇手段。
I'm
determined
to study German well.
I
was
resolved
to discuss with
the professor
in
pe
son
He
determined / resolved / made
up
his
mind
that nothing should prevent him
from
going.
His
determination / resolve
to give his children a good education / that his
children
should
have
a
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