加载中…章振邦语法英语句子汉译:情态助动词表示义务和必然
(2020-04-29 07:56:01)
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365shouldoughttomust义务和必然 |
情态助动词表示“义务”和“必然"
1)
表示“义务”
所谓表示“义务"
(Obligation),
即表示“应该"、“必须“做某事
,可用
should,
should
/ ought
to
表示“应该＂，带有表示“劝说”或“敦促＂的含义。
We
should learn
from the model workers.我们应该学劳模。
You
should
do
what
your teachers tell you to.
He
should
do something to help her.
should /ought
to
同义，都能表示“应该＂，往往可以交替使用。
You
should /ought
to
drink less.你喝酒应该少点。
You
should / ought
to
tell the police.
He
shouldn't / oughtn't
to
stay up so late.
should
口气比较肯定一些，说话人的主观信心要强烈一些，而用
ought
to
则在口气上不是那么坚定''should
/
You
should / ought
to
have
asked
my permission first.
You
shouldn't / oughtn't
to
have
been
resting
at that time of day.
正因为
should
在口气上带有更多的主观信心，从而在表示强烈的劝说和敦促时，往往用
should
而不用ought
to。
You
should
mind
your
own
business.
must
(必须）表示“敦促＇或“命令”，在口气上比
should
(表示“应该＂）更加强烈，这意味着说话人是权威的一方，对人对己都适用。
You
must
be back by ten
o'clock. 你必须回来的时间是早于十点。
I
really
must
stop smoking.
我真的必须戒烟。
表示将来的“必须＂，常用半助动词
have
to
的一定形式
(will /
We
must
do
it
again.
(表示现在）我们必须做多一次。
We'll
have
to
do
it
again.
(表示将来）我们以后得再做一次。
表示过去的“必须＂，常用
have
to
的过去时形式
had
to。
I
must
leave at six. 我们必须离开的时间是六点。
I
had
to leave at six
yesterday.
must
有两个否定形式
第一个否定形式是
must
not /
You
mustn't
talk like that.
You
are
not
to
talk like that. 你不得说成那个样子。
上述两句的过去时形式均为：
You
weren't to
talk
like
that.
must
的第二个否定形式是
need
not /
A:
Must
you
leave so soon? 我必须离开这么快吗？
B:
No,
I needn't. 不必要。
needn't
相当的动词形式是
don't
need
to/
don't
have
to /
You
must
do
it
at once.
You
needn't
do
it
at once. 你不必做得这么快。
You
don't
need
to
do
it
at once. 你没有必要做得这么快。
You
don't
have
to
do
it
at once. 你不必做得这么快。
You
haven't
got
to
do
it
at once. 你不必做得这么快。
过去时形式是：
You
didn't
need
to
do
it
at once.你当时不必做得那么快。
You
didn't
have
to
do it at once.
表示“必须"
,
must 与
He
must
say
it
in
English.
(I
want
him to do
so.)
He
has
to
say it in
English.
(Because
he
doesn't
know Chinese.)
He
must
move the furniture himself.
(I
am too
busy to help him.）
He
has
to
move the furniture
himself.
(He's got no one to help him.)
最后，在特定语境中，用
will
也可表示“义务“。
You
will
wait
outside
the gate.
(你必须等候在门外。）
You
will
report to me
afterwards
你必报告我哟。）
will
的这一用法，常用于第二人称主语．这实际上是一种强化的祈使句，比带有第二人称主语的祈使句口
气更为强化。
Parent: Brian, close the
door. 布莱恩，关上门。
Brian: (No movement toward
the
door)
Parent:
Brian!
You close
the
door.
Brian:
(Still
no movement toward the door)
Parent:
Brian!
You
will
close
the door!!!
表示“义务”，除用情态助动词外，还可用其他词汇手段。
In
most countries,
the
law
obliges
parents to send their
chiren
to school.
Is
attendance
at school
obligatory?
If,
through carelessness, someone
damages
your
He
was compelled
by illness to give up his
studies
A defeated
enemy usually signs a treaty
under
compulsion. 败军通常签署的条约是出于被迫。
Military
service
2) 表示”必然“
所谓表示“必然"
(Necessity)
就是根据说话人的判断和推测认为＂必然”会有某种悄况 。衷示这种意义，可用
should,
ought
to，must,
其中以用
must
口气最为肯定。
should
表示“必然”，指说话人根据一定情况作出推测或推断。
She
should
be
here
in
a minute. 她应该会到了，差不多了。
The book
should
appeal to
all
lovers
of
poetry.
这本书必然吸引的读者都爱好诗歌。
That
should
not be a difficult problem for
Mary. 那件事必定难不倒玛丽。
Through an intensive
training
you
should
be able to pass the examination
without
difficulty.
ought
to
表示“必然”也是根据一定情况作出的推测或推断。
These
young
trees
ought
to
provide shade
in
ten
years.
这些小树必然成荫，就在10年之后。）
Bob has made a thorough study
of
this
subject.
He
ought
to
be able
to help
you.
ought
to
表示推断或推测与
must
同义，但口气较弱，从而也比较婉转。
Mary Blake
must
be home by
now.
Mary Blake
ought
to
be home by
now.
ought
to
You
can't
have any difficulty getting the tickets.
You
oughtn't
to
have any difficulty getting the
tickets.
must表示“必然”，也是一种推测或推断．其口气最为肯定，一般用于肯定陈述句。
All
men
must
die. 人必然是会死的。
Careless
reading
must
give
poor result.
It
must
be very
late
because the streets are quite
deserted.
Your
father
must
be expecting
you
home.
如果是推测过去的事态，则用
must
+不定式完成体”。
You
must
have
left
your
handbag
in
the theatre.
表示推测的
must
的否定形式是
can't
而不是
mustn't 或must not。
If Fred didn't leave home before five, he
can't
be there
yet.
He
can't
have been
to
your
home.
He doesn't know
you
address.
表示“推测＂
，还可以用
will。
There
is
no
necessity
for
you
to go there alone. 不必要去那里，而且还是孤身一人。
It
is
not
necessary
for you to do that. 没有必要做那样的事情。
Is
there
Needless
to
say, we
shall refund any expenses you may incur.
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