加载中…章振邦语法英语句子汉译:情态助动词表示许可和不许
(2020-04-28 09:38:45)
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365许可情态助动词 |
表示“许可”和“不许＂
1) 表示“许可"、“允诺'、 “答应”
请求对方 ”许可" (permission) 可用can, could, may . might
、may
/ can /could 相比，前者较为正式 may / can might / could 相比，后者较为婉转，更有礼貌， can表示“许可＂。
Can/Could/May/
Might in here?
表示给予 “许可“通常用 can/ may , 而不用 could
/might。
Could I
use your phone?
Yes, of
course you can.
能，当然可以只管用。
You may indeed.
在上述诸例 中．用 may / / 都不存在时间的差异，但在一定上下文中，便存在这种差异。
Anyone may / can enroll to this course. (表示现在的“许可")
In those
days anyone might / could enroll
for this course. (表示过去的＂许可")
表示“许可＂，除用 may
/ might 外，还可用 allow, permit, permission。
Will you allow I permit me
to use
your car?
During the curfew, nobody was
allowed / permitted to
be out of doors
after sunset.
Will the
children be allowed / permitted to
stay up late on New Year's Eve?
You have my permission to
leave.
She refused to give her permission.
They entered the area without permission.
如果要作客气的请求,可以有如下办法。
Do you mind if
I go home early
this afternoon?
Would you mind if
I brought a
friend along too?
裘示“答应”、"允诺”，还可用 promise 。
He promised (me) to
come early.
Please promise not
to tell anyone else.
Didn't you promise the
book to you brother?
Green has promised
his son
a new bicycle if he passes the examination.
The foreman has promised that
the work shall / should
be done before Saturday.
They promised that
they should/ would finish
the work before Saturday.
以下 promise 是用作名词，表示“允诺" 。
He broke his promise to
help me.
I hope that they will keep
their promise that
the work shall
/ will be
done by the end of next week.
They didn't keep their promise that
they would come to our help.
表示“不许＂，在非正式语体中通常用 can't。
-Can
I go out for a moment?
No, you can't.
You can't play
football on the lawn.
也可用 won't let 表示“不许" 。
- Can
you get up to do
some exercise?
- No, my doctor won't let me get up yet. 不能，我的医生还不让我起床。
may not 表示“不许＂仅用于正式语体，比如用于规章的条文。
Borrowers may not take
any periodicals out of the reading-room.借阅者不得将任何期刊带出阅览室。
Visitors may not feed
the animals.
说话人要否定对方发出的客气的请求，通常也都避免使用 may not, 而代之以婉转的口气。
May I
use your car for
a day or two?
No, I'm afraid not; it is being repaired.
注意： may not 表示“不许＂的过去时形式并不是 might
He may not leave
this place.
= I don't allow him
to leave this place.
He might not leave
this place.
= Possibly,
he won't leave
this place. 也许吧，他不许离开这个地方。
如果要表示过去某时不许某人做某事，通常应该用
He was not
allowed to leave
this place.
I didn't allow / permit
him to leave this place.
我没允许他离开这个地方。
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