加载中…章振邦语法英语句子汉译:情态助动词表示能力和可能
(2020-04-27 14:57:28)
标签：
365can/couldmay/might可能能力 |
情态助动词的词法特征是，没有非限定形式，没有词形屈折变化
句法特征是，协助主动词构成限定动词词组，无一例外地带有不带
to
的不定式；在限定动词词组中，只能用一个情态助动词，而且总是位居第一,情态助动词多半一词多义；在肯定句、否定句或疑问句中，往往意义不尽相同；而且其“时”的特征并不是时间区别的主要标志，也就是说，现在时清态助动词不一定表示现在时间，过去时清态助动词也不一定表示过去时间，各有其用法上的特殊性。
1)
表示“能力”
表示“能力"
(Ability)'
可用
can,
could,
be
able
to。
can
既能表示现在的“能力”，也能表示将来的“能力＂。
Look!
I can
do
it.
I
can't
do
it
now,
but I
can do
it
later.
can
表示现在的“能力”，既可表示做某桩具体事情的“能力”。
I
can
climb this cliff.
Is
there anything
I can
do
for
有什么事可以帮你吗？
也可泛指一般的“能力" 。
He can
drive a
car.
He
is
only
four,
but he
can read.
She
can't
play the piano.
Fire
cannot
destroy gold.
can
表示“能力”与
be
able
to
同义，在许多情况下可以交替使用。
As I have got enough money, I
can /
尤其是将来的“能力”，通常用
will
/ shall
be
able
to表示。
I'II
be
able to
speak German
in
another two
months. 能说德语还要再过两个月。
If he doesn't apply fairly soon, he
won't
be
able to
get
the j ob.
当然，要表示将来做某桩具体事情的能力也可用
can。
Can
you go and see him tomorrow
morning?
If I
can,
I
will
do it.
表示过去的“能力”，可用
could /was
/ were able
to,
但在肯定旬中，
could
表示的“能力”仅是泛指过去的一般能力。
She
could
play the piano when she was only
six.
At that time I
could
still read
without
spectacles.
如果要表示过去做某桩具体事清的“能力”，通常不用
could,
而用
was
/
were able to
(以及managed
He was able to
swim halfway before he
collapsed.
He
was able to
translate the article without a
dictionary.
I talked a
long
time, and
in
the end
I
managed
to
make
her
believe me.
上述
could /
I
couldn't / wasn't
able to
play the piano
when
I
was
at school.
He got so drunk that he
couldn't / wasn't
able to
find the front
door.
表示“能力”，除用
can,
could,
be
able
to
外，还有其他表示法。
He
has
the
ability
to deal with complicated
problems.
You are
capable
of
better
work
than this.
He
is
capable
of
running a mile
in
four minutes.
You have the
capability
to do/of doing
this j ob
well.
He has great
capabilities
as a
writer. 他是位极具潜质的作家。
2) 表示“可能＇
表示“可能"
(Possiity),
可用
may,
might,
can,
could，
It
may /
He
may /
He
may
not /
也可表示将来的"可能" 。
He
may /
He
may
not /
might
not leave next week.
在疑问句中表示“可能”，须用
can
而不用
may。
Where
can
he
be? 哪里找得到他哟？
He
may
be
in
the
office.他可能在办公室。
Can
they
have missed
the
bus?
Yes,
they may have.
may
not
表示“不可能”，重音通常落在助动词上。
He'may
not
go tomorrow. =
It
is
possible
如果重音落在否定词上，则意义有所改变，不是表示“不可能”，而是表示“不许可”。
He
may not
go tomorrow.
= I
don't
permit him to go tomorrow.
正因为在书面语中
may
not
可能引起歧义，所以表示“不可能“常用
can't。can
/
That's
not
mine. Whose
can
it
be?
It
could be
John's.
She
can't /
can
表示“可能”，较多地用于否定句和疑问句，而
could
则不受此限。
If
you
don't
have a
guide, you
could lose
your
way(=
it's
possible
for you to
lose
your
way.
If not decently treated, he
could
become very difficult.
It
can't /
The moon
cannot
always be at the full.
Can /
What
can /
Lightning
can
be dangerous (sometimes).
在肯定陈述句中，用
can
表示“可能”与用
may
表示“可能“往往产生含义上的微妙差别。用
can
表示”可能“往往指逻辑上的”可能性”
而用
may
表示“可能＇则指事实上的”可能性”。
The road
can
be
blocked.(=
It
is
possible for the road
to
be
blocked.)
The road
may
be blocked.(=
It
is
possible that the road is
blocked.)
Reed
is
in
poor
health. He can
be
ill
at any time.
Mr
Reed
looks
pale.
He
may
be
ill.
表示过去的”可能”，可用
"may /
He
may /
She
may /
We
may /
She
may /
也可用
"can
could+不定式完成体”表示过去的”可能”
He
can't /could
have been hurt.
She
can't
/
''might /
You
might
have
killed
yourself. 你可能杀了的是自己。
You
might have finished
the
work last
week. 你可能已经完成了这项工作，时间是上周。
I
could have reported
you.
我本可以告你。
I
could have
passed
the examination, but I
failed.
表示“可能＇，除用
may may
not,
can/can't
外，还有一些形容词、副词以及相应的名词也都能表“可能'。
Frost
is
possible,
although unlikely at this time
of
year.
(下霜是可能的，尽管可能性不大的季节是这个时节。）
She was
possibly
Possibly,
he hasn't heard
the news yet.
There
is
a
possibility
of
his
coming/
that he'll come.
Perhaps
he's been
ill.
It
is
perhaps
the best known
of
his
如果要表示很大的可能性，可用
probable,
probably, likely,
probability,
likelihood。
It
is
probable /
He
is
likely
to come.
He's
probably
stuck
in
a
traffic jam. 他很有可能遇上了堵车。
Will
you
be coming? -
Probably.
(你来吗？----很有可能 。）
There
is
little
probability
of
his succeeding/ that he
will
succeed.
他不大可能会成功。
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