加载中…章振邦语法英语句子汉译：现在进行体
(2020-04-14 21:06:46)
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365语法意义修辞意义 |
现在进行体是由助动词
be
的现在时形式
(am,
is,
are) 与-ing
分词构成。
1)
表示说活时正在进行的动作
能用于进行体的动词一般都是表示持续动作的动态动词。
A:
What
are
you
doing? 什么事这么忙?
B:
I'm
writing
a
letter.
在写信呢。
Hurry
用一般现在时往往带有长久的含义，而用现在进行体则表示暂时的含义。
He
lives
in
Shanghai. 他长住上海。
He
is
now
/living
in
Shanghai. 他现在暂时住上海。
The
Garden
Bridge
crosses
the
Suzhou
Creek
near
Our
bus
is
now
crossing
the
Garden
Bridge.
(暂时经过）
2)
表示现阶段一直在进行的动作
现在进行体也可表示现阶段一直在进行的动作，这种动作在说话时不一定正在进行。
Jane
is
studying
law while
her
sister
is
doing
physics.
I
teach
English
at
the
Teachers'
College,
but
I'm
now
teaching
in
a middle
school.
现在进行体的这一用法也表示一种暂时性。
He works
in
a chemical factory.
(经常性工作）
He
is
working
in
a chemical factory these days.
(临时性工作）
现在进行体常与
always,
continually, constantly, for
ever
等频度状语连用，对现阶段经常发生的动作裘示某种感情色彩。
You
are
continually finding
fault
with
me.
She's
always
borrowing
money and
forgetting
to
pay me
back.
The postman
is
always
putting
your
letter
into my
letter-box.
现在进行体的这一用法与一般现在时的区别在千后者只是说明事实，而前者则带有感清色彩，并且多半表示说话人的不满情绪。
She
complains
about the house.
(说明事实）
She
is
constantly
complaining
about the house.
(表示说话人对
"She"
的行为的反感和厌烦）
当然，这种结构在特定上下文中也可能不带感情色彩，频度状语仅起强调作用。
Healthy and happy children
are
always
playing.
在这里，
always
只是强调玩耍动作的反复出现。
3)
表示按计划安排近期内即将发生的动作
这是现在进行体表示将来时间的用法 这种将来事态通常都是按照现在的计划安排近期内即将发生。
Mr Cameron
is
leaving
China
in
a few
weeks.
I'm
going
to Qingdao for the summer holiday.
We
are
meeting
him after the performance.
They
are
burying
Bross tomorrow
with
a big military funeral. (盛大的军事葬礼）
When
is
Mr Manning
taking
his holiday?
现在进行体表示将来时间的用法还常见于某些时间状语分句和条件状语分句中。
I'll think about it
while
you're
writing
the report. 我来思考这件事情，你就继续写报告吧。
When you
are
talking
with him, take care not to mention this.
If
you
are
standing
at the
corner,
I'll give you a lift
(让你搭车）
into
town.
用现在进行体表示将来时间，在句中或在上下文中通常有表示将来时间的状语或其他依据，否则意义便会含糊不清 。
Are
you
doing
anything special
tonight?
(表示将来）
Are
you
doing
anything special
now?
(表示说话时正在进行的动作）
Are
you
doing
anything special?
(可作以上两种解释，依上下文而定）
现在进行体的其他用；去除作以上用法外，现在进行体还可用于：
a)
表示刚刚过去的动作
You
don't believe it?
You
know
I'm
telling
the truth.
I
don't know what you
are
talking
about.
用现在进行体表示刚刚过去的动作只适用于口语中某些表示说话的动词，如
tell,
talk, say, exaggerate
b)
表示婉转口气
I'm
hoping
you'll give
us
some
advice.
I'm
wondering
if I may have a
word with
you. 不知道可否谈谈。
现在进行体的这一用法只限于
hope, wonder 等少数几个动词
I'm hoping 比I
hope口气要婉转些，这种婉转口气是同现在进行体所表示的动作的暂时性和不确定性。能用进行体的动词通常是持续动作的动词，如
work,
study
,
live 等，还有表示
暂动作的动词，如
shoot,
put,
place
,
jump,
nod, wink常以一般现在时表示现在发生的短暂动作或现在瞬间的动。
Jennings
shoots
and
-
yes,
it's
a goal.
The
crowd
are
cheering
and
the
otheR
I
place
the
test
tube
over
the
flames;
now
you
can
see
that
the
liquid
is
beginning
to
change
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