加载中…章振邦语法英语句子汉译：过去进行体
(2020-04-15 23:00:26)
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365过去进行体英语句子汉译 |
过去进行体是由助动词
be
的过去时形式
(was
were)与-ing
分词构成。过去进行体的用法与现在进行体的用法有不少相似之处
，只是时间向过去推移而已。
1)
表示过去某时正在进行的动作
过去进行体作这一用法时，通常也都要把时间状语表示出来，或者通过上下文把时间关系暗示出来。这种时间状语可以表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。
What
were
you
doing
yesterday at seven p.m.?
什么事那么忙？我说的是昨天晚上七点。
When
I
went
downstairs, they
were
already
eating breakfast.
也可表示过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作。
From
1983 to 1988, he
was teaching
at Yale
(耶鲁大学）．1983年至1988年间他任教于耶鲁大学。
They
were building
a dam
last
winter.
基于过去进行体的上述用法，入们常在口语中和记叙文中首先用过去进行体表示某种正在进行的动作为背景，并由此引出用一般过去时表示的新的事态或清节。
I
was talking
to the
librarian
this morning, and
he
said we
had to return
all
the reference books
The students
were
still
laughing
when
the
teacher stepped
in.
下面是一则寓言：
A thirsty Ant
was climbing
down a blade of grass that grew
beside
a spring.
She was trying
2)
表示过去某种习惯性动作
过去进行体所表示的习惯动作通常是指过去某一阶段暂时性的习惯。
George
was getting
up
at five every day that
week.
In
those days, George used to get
up
at
nine,
but that week
he was getting
up
at five
every
day.
过去进行体也可与
always,
constantly,
continually,
for
ever
等状语连用表示感清色彩。
My
brother
was always losing
his keys.
Alice
过去进行体的这种用法，和现在进行体的相应用法一样，通常表示说话人对某种行为的厌烦等不满情绪当然，用在上述结构中的频度状语也有仅起强调作用，而不带感情色彩的。
I
remember
3)
表示过去将来时间里的动作
过去进行体在一定上下文中也可表示按照计划安排即将发生的过去将来事态。
They
were
leaving
a
few
days
later.
The
summer
vacation
was
drawing near, but nobody
knew
where
they
were
going
for
the holiday.
过去进行体用在某些时间状语和条件状语分句中还可表示过去将来时间正在进行的动作。
Hep pr omised
not
to
mention this
when he
was
talking
to
her.
He told
me
to
wake
him
up
if he
was
sleeping.
4)
表示现在时间和将来时间里的动作
过去进行体的这种用法是为了表示婉转口气以及表示某种腺想的、非真实的情况。
a)
表示婉转口气
用过去进行体表示婉转口气只限于
hope,
want,
wonder
等动词，主要用来表示有礼貌的请求。
I
was
wondering/wondered
if
you'd
like to
come
out
with
me
one evening.
I
was
hoping /
在这里，用一般过去时也是表示客气的请求，但用过去进行体更加婉转，更加有礼貌
试比较下列诸句的婉转程度。
I
hope
you can send
me
some
books.
I
hoped
you
could send me
some
books.
I
am
hoping
you
can send me
some
books.
I
was
hoping
you
could
send
me
some
books.
以上四例只有婉转程度的区别，而没有时间关系的差异
这四种动词形式都表示现在的请求。
b)
表示主观腹想的情况
过去进行体这一用法仅限于某些固定结构。
I wish
they
were
not
talking
so
loudly.我真希望他们说话不要那么大声。
I'd rather
you
were
going
at once.
Would
you
stay a little longer, if
you
were
enjoying
yourself?
If they
were leaving
tonight, I'd like to
go
with
them.
It
is
time
we
were leaving.
I
wish we
were
going /
It's time we
were
leaving/
left.
5)
过去进行体与一般过去时用法比较
a)
表示已完成的动作用一般过去时，表示未完成的动作用过去进行体。
I
was
reading
a novel
yesterday. 我在读小说，时间是昨天。
I
read
a novel
yesterday. 我读完一本小说是在昨天。
They
were
building
a
dam
last
winter. 他们在建水坝，时值去年冬天。
They
built
a
dam
last
winter. 他们建水坝是在去年冬天。
一般过去时通常只说明过去某时发生某事，而过去进行体则侧重在动作的持续时间，而不仅是说明亨实。
It
rained /
He
worked /
c)
当一般过去时与过去进行体同时出现在句中时，通常表示较短的动作用一般过云时，表示较长的动作用过去进气体口。
While I
was dictating
a letter to my secretary, my wife
rang.
I
broke
a glass
while
I
was cooking
the dinner.
I was running
downstairs when I
slipped
and
fell.
The pupils
were talking
noisily
when the
teacher
stepped
in.
d)
在口语中，说话人表示所谈内容是随便的，非故意的，或者无一定目的性，常用过去进行体。
I
was talking
to Margaret the other
day. 我约谈玛格丽特是在前几天。
I was
hearing
John had got a new job.
上述两例也可改用一般过去时，比如
talked
to
Margaret the other
day,
但给人的印象是我主动找她谈了话，与原句含义略有出入。
e)
注意一般过去时和过去进行体表示的动作的时间顺序。
When we
arrived,
she
was
making
some fresh coffee.
When we
arrived,
she
made
some fresh coffee.我们到达时，她煮了些咖啡。
前一例表示到达时她正在煮咖啡，后一例表示到达以后她才煮咖啡。后一例中的
when
=
after,
前后两个动作表示先后性，并非同时性，正因为如此，后一例也可以改为
When
we
had
arrived
she
made
somefresh
coffee,
含义与原句相同。
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