章振邦语法英语句子汉译:一般现在时

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365一般现在时表过去一般现在时表将来一般现在时表习惯 |
1) 表示不受时限的客观存在:客观真理、格言、科学事实及其他不受时限的事实
。
The earth
rotates
on
its axis. 地球自传。
Hydrogen
is
the
lightest
element.氢是最轻的元素。
A
rolling
stone
gathers
no
moss. 滚石不生苔。
London
stands
on the
River
Thames. 伦敦立在泰晤士河上。
2)
表示现在习惯动作:表示现在时间里某种动作的经常性和习惯性。
Percy often
goes
to his office
by
underground. 珀西去上班靠坐地铁。
Father
doesn't
smoke. 父亲不抽烟。
He
always
sleeps
with
his
windows
open. 他睡觉时总是开着窗户。
Mary usually
teams
languages
very quickly, but she
doesn't
seem
to
be able to
learn
modern Greek.
上述用法的一般现在时常与频度副词连用 常见的频度副词有
always,
ever,
frequently,
hardly ever,
never, occasionally,
often,
rarely,
seldom,
sometimes,
usually
频度副词通常位于主动词 之前,如果主动词是
be
则通常位千其后,也可为了强调而位千其前。
The students (always) are
always
on
time
for class. 学生们总是准时上课。
She (sometimes)
is sometimes a
little angry with him. 她有时很生气地待他。
He
hardly
ever
makes a mistake
when
he
writes. 他几乎从不出错的是他的创作。
We
rarely
go hiking when
it
rains. 我们很少去远足是因为下雨。
注意,
hardly
ever
的含义是
almost
never;
rarely
的含义是
not
usually
以此类推,
not
ever
=
never; not
always=
sometimes
it
is
the
case
and
sometimes
it
is
not; not
often=
seldom,
等。
3)
表示现时状态和现在瞬间动作:有一定的持续性,因此只适用于静态动词。
Someone's
at the
door,
Carol. 有人在门口,卡罗尔。
What's
the
matter with
you? You
look
pale. 怎么了?你脸色苍白。
What
do
you
think,
Jane? 怎么想的,简?
用一般现在时表示的现在瞬间的动作通常只适用于表示短暂动作的动态动词
这种动作转瞬即逝,几乎与说话时间同时起讫,甚至话音未落动作已经完成
一般现在时的此类用法叫做“瞬间现在'
(instantaneous present)
。例如用在对快速体育运动的实况报道中
Harper
passes
the ball to Jennings; Jennings
shoots
and the
goal keeper leaps
for
it
but - yes, it's
a goal.
这一用法也常见千戏法表演、技术操作表演等的解说词中。
(Conjuror:) Look,
I
take
this
card from
the pack and
place
it
under the
handkerchief
- so.
(Demonstrator:) Now I
put
the cake mixture into this bowl and
add
a drop of vanilla essence.
也常见于一些专门用语或日常用语中
例如:
I
declare
the meeting open.
(会议主持人的正式用语)我宣布会议开始。
I
wish
you
all
a happy New
Year. 祝大家有个快乐的新年。
上述专门用语或日常用语一般都用第一人称
可作类似用法的动词还有
agree,
apologize,
deny, name,
object,
promise,
say, sentence, suggest,
sympathize, 等。
4)
表示将来时间
关千一般现在时表示将来时间的用法,将在第15讲介绍将来时间表示法时集中处理
这里简单介绍三
种句型:
第一种旬型是在
hope,
I
bet
等后面的
that
分句中可用一般现在时表示将来时间
例如:
I hope
you
have
a good time. 希望你玩得开心。
I hope she
likes
the flowers. 我希望她喜欢这些花。
在上述
that-
分句中,
you
have a
good
time =
you will
have
a
good
time;
she
likes
the
flowers
=
she
Vf
ill like the flowers,
两者可以交替使用
又例如:
I bet
it
rains
tomorrow. 我打赌下雨是在明天。
=
..
.
it will rain tomorrow.
这与上述
hope+that-
分句的清形是相同的
常用一般现在时表示将来时间的第二种句型是
see
(to
比)
I
make
sure /
make
certain+that-
分句
例如:
I'll see (to it)
I
make
sure/
make
certa
(that)
you
don't
get
lost. 我会确保你不迷路。
在这里,
you
don't get
lost
也是用一般现在时表示将来时间
(j)
常用一般现在时表示将来时间的第三种句型是由
if
I
when
引导的条件分句和时间分句
例如:
Will
you
go and help to get
in
the crops
when
the harvest time
comes?
If
it
is
fine tomorrow,
we will go
to the countryside. 如果天气好,明天我们就去乡下。
一般现在时在上述用法中有时也可与
"will+不定式”。
I'll
see that nobody
disturbs
/ will disturb you. 我保证没有人打扰你。
5)
表于过去时间
能用一般现在时表示过去时间的动词有
tell,
say
,
hear,
learn,
gather等。
ce
tells
me
you'
entering college next
yea
I
hear
poor old Mrs Smith has lost her
son
这里的
tells /hear
在含义上替代了
told/
heard,
以及
has
told /have
heard
。当然
,一般现在时作为一种修辞手法也可用在叙事文或新闻报导中追述往事以增进描述的生动性和真实感,这就是所谓的“历史性现在时"
(historic present)。
I
was just dozing
off
in
front
of
the
television
when
my
wife
rushes
in
shouting that the
kitchen
is on
fire.
I slept for an
hour this afternoon
and came up to the wardroom
(军舰上的军官餐厅)
about 3:30 for
tea.
It
is
a strange feeling, realising that
you
are
soon to be
in
action
(投入战斗)
There
is no
way
of avoiding
it and no
particular
way for
me
to
get ready for
it.
Writing last
letters
is just nonsense.
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