加载中…章振邦语法英语句子汉译：时与体
(2020-04-11 21:33:52)
标签：
365时与体时态进行体完成体 |
时(tense)
是个语法范畴，它是表示时间区别的动词形式
这就是说，”时”和“时间”(time)既是联系的，又是有区别的。前者是动词形式，后者是普遍概念。
I was, am, and will be your best
friend.
体是个语法范畴，是表示动作或过程在某个时间的状态的动词形式。英语中有两个体：进行体
(progressiv aspect)
和完成体
(perfective aspect)
进行体是由助动词
be
的一定形式加主动词的
-ing
分词构成。
I
speak
Chinese, but I
am
speaking
English now. 我是说汉语的，但我现在说的是英语。
She
taught
physics, but
she
was
teaching
maths
that
term.
完成体是由助动词
have
的一定形式加主动词的
-ed
分词构成。
I
have
taught
English
for
By
the
end
of
1998, she
had
taught
maths for 30 years.
He
has
been
working here for
10
years.
By the end
of
last
month,
she
had
been
working
here 到上月底，她工作在这里有了一年。
英语的限定动词词组便有八种时、体形式。它们是（以主动词play
为例）
一般现在时
(simple
present)
:
She
plays
the piano very well.她钢琴弹得很好。
一般过去时
(simple
past)
:
She
played
the
piano
very
well when
she
was
young.
现在进行体
(present
progressive)
:
She
is
playing
the piano
now.
过去进行体
(past
progressive)
:
She
was
playing
the piano
this
time
yesterday.
她弹钢琴是在昨天这个时候。
现在完成体
(present
perfective)
:
She
has
played
the piano
for
half an
hour.
过去完成体
(past
perfective) :
By lunchtime,
she
had
played
the
piano for
an hour.
现在完成进行体
(present
perfective progressive):
She
has
been
playing
the piano for
a
long
time.
过去完成进行体
(past
perfective progressive)
:
By 1 O o'clock she
had
been
playing
the piano
for
two
hours.
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