加载中…章振邦语法英语句子汉译：动态动词与静态动词
(2020-04-08 22:26:28)
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365动态动词静态动词 |
2)
动态动词与静态动词
英语动词，按其词汇意义，又可分为动态动词
(dynamic verb)
和静态动词
(stative verb)
动态动词是表示运动状态的动词，而静态动词则是表示一种相对静止状态的动词。
a)
动态动词
动态动词，按词汇意义，又可分为 个小类：一是表示待续动作的动词，如
drink.
eat,
fly,
play,
She
works
at a chemical factory.她的工作在化工厂。
She
has
been
WOrking
there for
a
long
time.
They
talked
and
talked
until midnight.
They
were talking
about the house.
二是表示改变或移动的动词，
arrive,
Winter
is
here. The
leaves
of the trees
are turning
yellow.
I
turned
my
head and saw the profile
of
a man.
The
weather
is changing
for
the
better.天气正在好转。
Shanghai
has
changed
a
lot
in
the past
10
years.
三是表示短暂动作的动词，如
hit,
jump,
ck,
knock,
open
/
close
(a
door) , put
(something
on
the
（舞台说明）
The
old
man stops
at a
house and
knocks
at the
door.
这类动词若用一般过去时，则表示发生在过去的一次性短暂动作，若用过去进行体，也表示短暂动作的不断重复。
He
opened
the door and
ran
out of the house.
He
was opening
and
dosing
the
door
to make
sure
b)
静态动词
静态动词表示存在千现时或过去的一种状态 这种动词的最主要语法特征就是通常用于非进行体，若用进行体，通常会引起语义的改变
这类动词，按词汇意义，又可分为
小类
第一类是用作主动词的
be,
Jim
is
a teacher, but
20 years
ago he
was
a soldier.
We
have friends
all
over
the
world.
第二类是含有静态动词
be ，have
意义的动词，如
apply
to
(适用于），
belong
to, differ from,
cost,
This rule
applies to
(=
is
applicable to)
everyone.
This
house
belongs to
my
brother
French
differs
from(=
is
different from) English
in
having gender
for
all
nouns.
The
auditorium
holds
(=
has
a capacity
for)
2000
people.
第三类是表示感觉的动词，如
fee
hear
,
see, smell,
taste
。
She doesn't
hear
very
well.
I
(can)
see
the
snow-capped peaks
of
the
distant
mountains.
The
material
feels
soft.
The roses
smell
fragrant.
I
(can)
taste
pepper in
第四类是表示心理或请感状态的动词，如
assume
believe,
consider
(=
think),
detest,
fear,
hate,
I
believe
we
have met before.
Jim
knows
Chinese.吉姆懂中文。
We
understand
your
difficulty.
How
I
wish I
could
visit
the Grand Canyon！我多么希望能参观大峡谷！
He
is
being
foolish
(=
is
acting foolishly)他是聪明人，但现在做的是糊涂事！
We're
having
a wonderful
time(=
are
enjoying
ourselves).
我们 玩得很开心。
某些属于第二类的静态动词，一旦用千进行体也就变成了动态动词。
He resembles
his
father.
He
is
resembling
his
father(=
is becoming more and more like his father) as the years go
by. 他做事像他父亲，随时间而变迁。
This
camera costs
140 dollars.
This mistake
is costing
us dearly(=
is
bringing great injury to
us).
又例如，当表示感觉的动词用千表示主动含义时，便是动态动词。
I
(can) feel
a
pin in it
somewhere. / I'm
feeling
(摸）
this cushion.
I (can) taste
pepper in it.
/
I'm tasting
(品尝）
this soup.
see
hear
用千进行体也通常改变意义。
I
am
hearing(=
attending) lectures at the
university.
He
is
seeing(=
visiting) the
sights.他正在游览风景。
表示肉体感觉的动词，如
ache,
feel,
hurt
等，用进行体和不用进行体均可，含义不变。
My foot
aches / is
aching.
I
don't
feel/
am
not
feeling
very
tired.
表示心理或情感状态的动词用于进行体时通常改变含义。
Be quiet.
I'm
thinking(=
giving thought to a problem)安静点。我在想事。
Surely /indulging
yourself with
illusions).
Now you're
understanding(=
beginning to understand)
this a little
better.
但在口语中，间或也有用进行体而不改变含义的情况。
How
do
you
like
this
hot
weather? / How
are
you
liking
this
hot
weather?
还有少数几个动词用进行体表示婉转口气的用法也属于这一类情况。
Were
you
wanting
to see me? 是在想见我吗？
I'm hoping
you'll
look
after
the
children for us.
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