加载中…章振邦语法状语英语句子汉译:作为分句中心成分与外围成分
(2020-03-12 00:53:37)
标签：
365状语修饰性状语评注性状语连接性状语 |
状语 (adverbial)
按语义分为： 修饰性状语 (adjunct/ depictive
adverbial) 、评注性状语
(disjunct/ stance adverbial) 和连接性状语 (conjunct/ linking
adverbial) 。作为分句 中心成分的是修饰性状语 。 其他两种是外围成分(peripheral
adverbial)
（一）修饰性状语有：时间状语和地点状语、]方式状语和伴随状况状语、原因状语和结果状语以及目的状语、条件状语和让步状语
时间状语和地点状语
[1] I've been waiting here for a long time.
时间状语和地点状语
[1] I've been waiting here for a long time.
[1]
When I was
young, I learned these poems parrot-fashion.
原因状语、结果状语、 目的状语
[1] The match had to be put off because of rain.
[6]
They whispered in order not to wake
the child.
他们说话小声，因为不想吵醒孩子。
条件状语和让步状语
[1] Don't fancy that you can succeed without hard work.
二、分句的外围成分：评注性状语、连接性状语 、 呼唤语、插入语、感叹语、句首肯定词和句首否定词
结合性状语 (conjunct)
:
（一） 评注性状语
(stance adverbial),
又叫“分离性状语" (disjunct), 与修饰性状语不同 。 首先，评注性状语不是修饰谓语或谓语动词，而是对整个句子进行说明或解释，表明说话人对话语的看法或态度；第二，评注性状语不与它所评说的句子在结构上紧密结合，通常位于句首（间或也可位于句中或句尾），常用逗号与句子隔开
。
比较：
I don't think he'll interview you personally. (修饰性状语）
I don't think he'll interview you personally. (修饰性状语）
下面的是评注性状语。
Personally, I don't think he'll interview you. (评注性状语）
Personally, I don't think he'll interview you. (评注性状语）
Very frankly (很坦率地说）， I 'm tired of her.
Naturally (不用说）， the pupils were behaving well while the teacher was with them.
Possibly (或许）， he will come with us tomorrow.
Admittedly (无可否认地）， he is a cheat, but he is also a writer.
Officially (表面上）， he's on holiday; actually (实际上）， he is in hospital.
Luckily C幸亏）， she was in when I called.
Probably (很可能）， they are at home.
Unfortunately (可惜）， we never found out the truth.
Theoretically (理论上 ）， this is a marvellous piece of scientific writing.
The expedition was a success, scientifically. (= from a scientific point of view) (评注性状语）
The expedition was
planned
有时，评注性状语也可采取中位。
She wisely didn't attempt to apologize. = It was wise of her not to attempt to apologize.
能作评注性状语用法的副词还有certainly, definitely, educationally, financially, fortunately,
She wisely didn't attempt to apologize. = It was wise of her not to attempt to apologize.
能作评注性状语用法的副词还有certainly, definitely, educationally, financially, fortunately,
评注性状语也可由介词词组、非限定分句、无动词分句表示，间或也可由限定分句表示 。
In myopinion, you'd better go with us.
Tobe sure, some people may disagree
Curious, the game turned out that way.
Even more important, he is in charge of the project
What's more important, this project offered prospects of a great profrt
更多例子可以说明评注性状语的用法。
1. Naturally,
(It
2. Frankly, (I will say frankly that) I was rather impressed by his manner.
3. Clearly, ( It is
clear that) there has been a mistake.
4. Fortunately, (It
5. Oddly
enough, ( It is odd enough that) he
did not raise any objection to the plan.
6.
Not unreasonably, ( It is not unreasonable that) he should protest
strongly against it.
7. Interestingly,
( It is interesting that) he should
never know that he was the victim ofhis
own
8. Hopefully,
( It
9. Quite
obviously, ( It
10. Strangely enough, (It
11. Surely enough,
( It
12. Rightly,
l l Even more
importantly, ( It is
even
14 Surely,
15. To our regret, (We regretted that) he should have refused our invitation.
16. Lucklily, (It is lucky that) someone managed to find me.
17. Quite rightly, you (You are quite right to have) telephoned the hospital first.
18. Foolishly, (It
19 Understandably,
( It
20. Curiously, (It
2. Frankly, (I will say frankly that) I was rather impressed by his manner.
3. Clearly,
4. Fortunately, (It
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10. Strangely enough, (It
11.
12. Rightly,
l l
14 Surely,
15. To our regret, (We regretted that) he should have refused our invitation.
16. Lucklily, (It is lucky that) someone managed to find me.
17. Quite rightly, you (You are quite right to have) telephoned the hospital first.
18. Foolishly, (It
19
20. Curiously, (It
(二）连接性状语(linking adverbial)
, 又叫结合性状语 (conjunct)
, 通常由连接副词、解说副词以及相关
的介词词组等表示，能在词组与词组、分句与分句、句子与句子之间起连接作用
。a)列举和顺序，如 first(ly), second(ly), third(ly) ... ; one, two, three ... ;
This project won't work: for a start, it's a bad idea, and secondly, it'll cost too much.
They talked about it for
hours. Finally, they decided to go
b) 表示意义增补和引申的连接性状语，如 also, besides, furthermore, moreover, then, in
The house is not big enough for us, and further more, it is too far from town.
They ate a seven-course meal; in addition, they drank three bottles of wine.
b) 表示意义增补和引申的连接性状语，如 also, besides, furthermore, moreover, then, in
The house is not big enough for us, and further more, it is too far from town.
They ate a seven-course meal; in addition, they drank three bottles of wine.
c)表示同位关系的连接性状语，如 namely,
The passenger plane of the 1980s, namely the supersonic jet, transformed relations between
peoples of the world.
He is very fat, that is, he weighs 273 pounds.
d) 表示结果的连接性状语，如 consequently, hence, so, therefore, thus, as a result 等。
It
rained heavily for three days on end. Consequently, all the land here was under
water.
The Rainers refused to pay the higher rent when an increase was announced. As a result, they
were evicted from their house.
The Rainers refused to pay the higher rent when an increase was announced. As a result, they
were evicted from their house.
e)表示意义等同的连接性状语，如 equally, likewise, similarly, in the same way 等 例如·
You must pack plenty of food for the journey. Likewise, you will need warm clothes, so pack them
too.
Similarly, the political and economic background of the conspiracy is inadequately treated.
f) 表示推论的连接性状语，如 (or) else, otherwise, therefore, then, in that case 等。
I've never been to Wales. I, therefore, don't know much about it.
Do what you are told to; otherwise, you will be punished.
g) 表矛拸个说法的连接性伏语，如 alternatively, rather in other words 等 例如：
They are enjoying themselves. (Or) Rather, they appear to be enjoying themselves.
A common saying goes, "Knit the brows and you will hit upon a stratagem." In other words, much
thinking yields wisdom.
h)
表示意义转折的连接性状语，如 instead, on the contrary, in contrast, by
comparison, (on
the one hand ) on the other hand 等，例如
On the one hand, you don't want to be too aggressive. On the other hand, you shouldn't be too
timid.
He takes no interest in studies; instead, he plays tennis all day.
the one hand ) on the other hand 等，例如
On the one hand, you don't want to be too aggressive. On the other hand, you shouldn't be too
timid.
He takes no interest in studies; instead, he plays tennis all day.
i)
表示让步的连接性状语，如 anyhow, anyway, however, nevertheless, still,
though, yet, in any case, at any rate, in spite of
that, after all, all the same 等。
It was a very complicated test. He, nevertheless, passed it with distinction.
The expression is ungrammatical; all the same it is a part of the common tongue.
It was a very complicated test. He, nevertheless, passed it with distinction.
The expression is ungrammatical; all the same it is a part of the common tongue.
j) 表于时间过渡的连接性状语，如 meantime, meanwhile, in the meantime 等。
They'll be here in 10 minutes. Meantime(= Meanwhile) we'll have some coffee.
Tom was now undergoing many hardships. His brother
k) 表示改变话题的连妀性状语，如 by the way, incidentally 等。
We shall expect you; by the way, dinner will be at eight.
The airlines
York.
I) 表示概括或总结的连接性状语，如 then,
(all) in all, in conclusion, to sum up, in
a word
All in all, their financial condition is not bad.
In condusion, I'd like to say how much I've enjoyed staying here .
All in all, their financial condition is not bad.
In condusion, I'd like to say how much I've enjoyed staying here .
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