第二单元  名词、形容词与副词、比较级

 

【单元主要内容及目标】

本单元主要复习名词、形容词与副词及比较级。通过本单元学习和训练，熟悉并掌握相关的语法知识点。

 

【讲授】

 要点1  名词 

 

典型试题解析

1. I heard some       would come to visit our school.

  A. German            B. Germans             C. Germen                  D. Germany

2. The teacher gave us       on how to learn English well.

  A. an advice          B. a piece advice      C. much advice           D. some advices

3.       information will be stored in the computer.

  A. A large number of                              B. Plenty of

C. A lot                                                 D. A great many

4. There are a lot of       in this small town.

  A. fruit shop         B. fruits shops           C. fruit shops               D. fruits shop

5. My boy friend bought me       yesterday.

  A. two trousers                                     B. two pair of trousers  

C. two pairs of trousers                         D. two pairs of trouser

6. Eggs, though rich in nourishments, have  _________ of fat.

A. a large number                   B. the large number

C. a large amount                    D. the large amount

7. They have      sheep and cows to take care of.

   A. a great deal of  B. a lot            C. a good many       D. a good deal

8. Don’t you think it interesting that his______ both fall in March?

A.      wife’s and his daughter birthday

B.      wife and his daughter birthdays

C.      wife and his daughter’s birthday

D. wife’s and his daughter’s birthdays

9. It is ______ walk from our school to the museum.

A. one and half hours’                B. one and a half hour’s

C. one and a half hours’              D. one and half hour’s

10.You’ve made _______mistakes in your composition. You should pay greater attention to your writing.

A. few           B. but a few         C. only a few         D. quite a few

答案：

T：请看第1题。在4个选项中，哪一个是“德国人”的复数形式？

S：选项C。

T：错了。与“美国人”的复数形式相同，都要加-s，因而正确选项是B。请看第2题，advice（建议）是可数名词吗？

S：不是。因此，要用a piece of advice或much advice等，选C。

T：请看第3题information也是一个不可数名词，因而要用选项B（plenty of）。

S：plenty of可用来修饰可数名词吗？

T：plenty of的用法与a lot of相似，既可修饰不可数名词又可修饰可数名词。接着看第4题。名词修饰名词时，用作修饰语的名词一般用单数形式，如book store。

S：这样说来，本题该用选项C。

T：是的。请看第5题。裤子trousers只有复数形式。

S：那2条裤子怎么说？

T：要说two pairs of trousers。再看第6题。句中fat一词意为“脂肪”，是不可数名词。

S：那就不能用number，应该选C。a large amount of（大量）修饰不可数名词。

T：好，接着看第7题。sheep（羊）是个可数名词，并要注意sheep单复数同形。

S：那就不能选A，因为a great deal of与a large amount of一样，是用来修饰不可数名词的。选项C（a good many）是什么意思？

T：a good many意为“许许多多”，用以修饰可数名词，因而本题要用选项C。请看第8题：他的妻子和女儿的生日都在3月份。

S：指“两个人的各自生日”，那该用选项D。

T：完全正确。请看第9题。“一个半小时的步行”怎么说？

S：one and a half hour’s walk，选B对吗？

T：错了。one and a half必须加上可数名词的复数形式，如表示所有格，就在s之后加上“’”。请看第10题。在4个选项中，哪个选项表示“许多”的意思？

S：quite a few，选D。

T：是的，quite a few mistakes意为“许多错误”。

 

要点2  形容词与副词

 

典型试题解析

1. You have done        . You must make an apology to Mr. White.

  A. wrong something                               B. something wrong

C. some wrong thing                              D. nothing wrong

2. These oranges taste_______.

   A. good          B. well           C. to be good          D. to be well

3. In those days there were no cinemas in our town, and there was no theatre      .

   A. also           B. too            C. either             D. neither

4. She bought a ______ table the day before yesterday.

   A. round wooden small               B. small wooden round

   C. round small wooden               D. small round wooden

5. The population of many Alaskan cities has      doubled in the past three years.

  A. large than              B. as great as         C. more than                     D. as many as

6. This overcoat costs_________. What’s more, they are_________ small for me.

A. very much; very                   B. too much; much too

C. much too; too much                D. very much; too much

7. Jim is ________interested in physics. He often works at it until ______into the night.

A. deep; deep      B. deeply; deeply    C. deeply; deep     D. deep; deeply

8. Although he did not know London well, he made his way_________ to the airport.

A. easy enough    B. enough          C. easily enough     D. enough easily

9. — What will you buy for your boyfriend’s birthday?

— I want to buy a_________ wallet for him.

A. black leather small                   B. small black leather

C. small leather black                   D. black small leather

10. Alice practices the piano _________every day, but Helen ______plays.

A. hardly; hard    B. hard; hardly       C. harder; hardly    D. hardier; hardly

答案：

T：请看第1题。英语中，形容词修饰不定代词，如something, nothing时，要后置。

S：那该说something wrong，是吗？

T：是的。请看第2题。句中taste用作系动词，意为“尝起来”，要接形容词。因而本题要用选项A。

S：为何不能用 well?

T：well用作形容词，只能表示“身体好”的意思。接着看第3题。

S：too和either都可以放在句尾，表示“也”的意思，那该用哪一个？

T：肯定句用too，否定句用either。句中no theatre表示否定，因而本题要用选项C。再看第4题。本题涉及3个形容词修饰一个名词。一般说来，表示材料的词，如wooden（木头的），要最靠近被修饰语，而表示大小、新旧、形状、颜色的词，放在表示材料的词之前。

S：如按大小、新旧、形状、颜色的顺序，那该选D。

T：是的。请看第5题。double意为“翻一倍”。

S：more than doubled是否表示“翻一倍都不止”的意思？

T：正是。第5题要用选项C。接着看第6题。英语中，too much常用来修饰不可数名词，如too much water / money，而much too修饰形容词或副词。

S：这样说来，本题的正确选项是B，对吗？

T：对的。再看第7题。虽然deep和deeply都可用作副词，但不同的是，deeply表示抽象的意思，“深深地、非常”。work deep into the night意思是：工作到深夜。本题选C。

S：第8题主要涉及enough的前后位置。

T：正是。enough要放在形容词或副词的后面。根据句意，本题要用副词，因而选C。接着看第9题。

S：按大小、新旧、颜色、材料的顺序，本题要用选项B。

T：完全正确。接着看第10题。hard用作副词是“努力地，刻苦地”意思，而hardly则含有否定之意，意为“几乎不”。

S：根据句意：Alice每天刻苦地练习弹钢琴，但Helen，几乎不弹。本题该用选项B。

 

要点3  比较级

 

典型试题解析

1. Be sure to be ______careful next time so that you will make _______mistakes in your next test.

A. more; little     B. much; less        C. more; fewer     D. very; fewer

2. ­— Do you enjoy listening to records?

  —I think records are often      an actual performance.

  A. as good as or better than             B. as good or better than

  C. like good or better than that           D. as good as any other

3. Your school is      ours.

  A. as four times big as                 B. four times as big as   

C. as big as four times                 D. four times bigger as

4. The result of this experiment is better than      of the last one.

   A. that          B. which           C. it               D. what

5. My cousin is only ________than I.

A. two days older  B. two days elder    C. older two days     D. elder two days

6. Today’s weather is_________ worse than yesterday’s.

A. very          B. much           C. very much         D. much too

7. It was getting_________, he had to stop to have a rest.

A. very darker                       B. dark and dark

C. darker and darker                  D. darkest and darkest

8. — Did the medicine make you feel better?

— No, The more_________, _________ I feel.

A. medicine I take; and the worse       B. medicine I take; the worse

C. I take medicine; the worse           D. I take medicine; worse

9. His salary as a driver is much higher than_________.

A. a porter                          B. is a porter

C. that of a porter                    D. as a porter

10. Her spoken English is better than ______in her class.

A. anyone else’s    B. anyone else     C. anyone’s          D. anyone’s else

答案：

T：请看第1题。根据句意，前后两个空格都要用比较级。

S：那该用选项C。

T：是的，再看第2题：我认为唱片大都与实际演出一样好，甚至更好。本题含有两种比较。

S：那选B，行吗？

T：不行。两个比较的结构都必须是完整的，因而要用选项A。请看第3题。倍数如何表示？

S：用“倍数词+ as… as”的结构。

T：说得对。本题用选项B（four times as big as）。接着看第4题。注意比较对象要一致。

S：本题中，that可用来指代result，选A。

T：正确。that既可用来指代可数名词单数，又可用来指代不可数名词。再看第5题。我的表兄仅比我大两天。

S：句中than表示比较，要用比较级older, two days则要放在比较级之前，选A。

T：完全正确。请看第6题。在4个选项中，哪个选项可用来修饰比较级？

S：选项B（much），意为“糟糕的多”。

T：接着看第7题。如何表示“越来越……”。

S：要用两个比较级，选C（darker and darker）。

T：是的。请看第8题：我越吃药，感觉越不好。本题用的是“the more…，the more”结构，意为“越……，越……”。

S：选A，对吗？

T：不对。不能用连接词and。接着看第9题。

S：本题比的是薪水（salary），因而要用选项C。that指代salary。

T：再看第10题：她的英语口语比班上其他人好。注意比较对象要一致。

S：能选B吗？

T：不能选B。她的英语口语应该与其他人的英语口语相比，因而要用anyone else’s来表示，选A。

 

【扩展学习】

 

名词

1. Come and see me__________ two or three__________.

A. for; days            B. after; days              C. in; days’ time         D. during; day time

2. __________turn green in spring.

A. Leaf                   B. Leafs                     C. Leave                     D. Leaves

3. I’ll leave him a message. Would you please give me __________?

A. papers               B. some papers           C. a sheet paper          D. some paper

4. The doctor gave him one of the best __________he had ever heard.

A. piece of advice                                     B. pieces of advices

C. piece of advices                                   D. pieces of advice

5. Can you believe that in __________a rich country there should be __________many poor people?

A. such; such         B. such; so                 C. so; so                    D. so; such

6. —I feel a bit hungry.

—Why don’t you have __________bread?

A. any                   B. some                     C. little                       D. a

7. I need __________ cloth, for I’m going to make __________clothes.

A. a lot of; many    B. much; much           C. many; many           D. many; a lot of

8. I’ve thrown away my old trousers. I’ll have to buy__________.

A. a new pair         B. a new one               C. some new              D. one

9. Tables are made of__________.

A. wood                B. woods                    C. wooden                  d. some woods

10. —I wonder whose bicycle it is.

—It might be my__________.

A. neighbour’s      B. dear neighbour        C. neighbour               D. neighbours

11. I’m afraid he did not do very well in the dictation. There were__________ spelling mistakes in it.

A. few                  B. a few of                 C. fewer                     D. quite a few

12. He knows __________many people in this city.

A. good                B. a good                   C. large                      D. a large

13. There aren’t many apples on the tree ,but you can pick__________.

A. a few               B. few                        C. a little                     D. little

14. He invited all his __________to join his wedding party.

A. comrades-in-arms                              B. comrades-in-arm

C. comrade-in-arms                                D. comrade-in-arm

15. Yesterday we called at__________.

A. my uncle          B. a friends of my uncle’s  C. my aunts’       D. Mary’s sister’s

16. It is impossible for so __________workers to do so __________work in a single day.

A. few; much       B. few; many              C. little; much             D. little; many

17. __________is developing with great speed.

A. Industry of China                               B. China’s industry

C. China industry                                    D. Chinese industry

18. He spent a large __________of money on his clothes.

A. number             B. piece                      C. deal                       D. amount

19. What do you think of the__________?

A. sport car          B. sports car              C. car’s sport             D. cars sports

20. Some __________are thinner than your little finger.

A. bamboo            B. bamboos                C. kind of bamboos     D. kinds of bamboo

答案：

1．C。in加上时间词表示将来。

2．D。leaf（叶子），其复数形式是leaves。

3．D。paper作“纸张”解，是不可数名词。

4．D。advice是不可数名词，但one of要接名词复数形式。

5．B。such a rich country也可说so rich a country，但many之前只能用so。

6．B。bread是不可数名词。

7．A。cloth（布）是不可数名词，而clothes（衣服）则是可数名词。

8．A。trousers只有复数形式，不能用one来替代，但可以说a new pair of trousers。

9．A。wood表示一种物质，是不可数名词。

10．A。neighbour’s意指“neighbour’s bicycle”。

11．D。根据句意（许多拼写错误），要用quite a few。

12．B。a good many people意思是：许许多多的人。

13．A。a few意思是：a few apples。few表示否定，与句意不符。

14．A。复合名词变为复数时，在主体词上加s（comrades），但in- arms本身就需要用复数形式。

15．D。at Mary’s sister’s指的是“at Mary’s sister’s house”。

16．A。根据句意（ 这么少的工人做这么多的工作），worker可数，但work不可数。

17．B。“中国的工业”有多种说法：the industry of China, the Chinese industry。

18．D。money不可数，可用a large amount of或a great deal of作修饰语。

19．B。名词修饰名词一般用单数形式，如fruit shop, book store，但sports car是固定说法。

20．D。根据句意（有些种类的竹子而不是一些竹子比你的小手指细），因而要用some kinds of bamboo。

 

形容词和副词（比较级）

1. Is the Changjiang River __________river in the world?

A. the third longest  B. the third longer        C. the three longest      D. the three longer

2. After his mother bought him an ice cream, the little boy became a little__________.

A. happiest             B. happily                   C. more happily           D. happier

3. We should try our best to make __________ possible.

A. mistakes as few as                               B. as fewer mistakes as

C. as less mistakes as                               D. as few mistakes as

4. There is __________bridge over the river.

A. a large old nice white wooden                B. an old nice large wooden white

C. a white old nice wooden large                D. a nice large old white wooden

5. He is new in this class. He has __________friends and feels very__________.

A. a few; alone       B. few; lonely             C. little; alone              D. a little; lonely

6. The sun looks bigger than __________star. The moon looks bigger than __________star.

A. any; any other    B. any; any                 C. any other; any        D. any other; any other

7. The __________man was __________moved by the doctor’s deeds.

A. ill; deeply           B. sick; deep               C. sick; deeply            D. ill; deep

8. I am __________of the two children in our family.

A. tallest                B. the tall                    C. the most tallest        D. the taller

9. I got to the station __________than John.

A. early twenty minutes                            B. earlier twenty minutes

C. twenty minutes earlier                          D. twenty minutes early

10. He realized that he had bought his shoes __________ large.

A. too much          B. much too               C. very too                 D. too very

11. The climate of Shanghai in summer is not so hot as__________.

A. Nanjing            B. of Nanjing              C. that of Nanjing       D. in Nanjing

12. The salesman showed her several bags and she chose __________one as she didn‘t want to spend too much money on it.

A. the less expensive                               B. less expensive

C. the least expensive                              D. least expensive

13. What he said sounds__________.

A. nicely               B. pleasantly               C. friendly                  D. wonderfully

14. John has three sisters. Mary is the __________of the three.

A. most cleverest   B. more clever            C. cleverest                D. cleverer

15. Longjing tea and Wuyi tea are both famous, but which do you think tastes__________?

A. well                  B. good                      C. better                    D. best

16. With the help of the German experts, the factory produced __________cars in 1993 as the year before.

A. as twice many   B. as many as twice     C. as twice as many    D. twice as many

17. If we had followed his plan, we could have done the job better with __________money and __________people.

A. less; less           B. fewer; fewer           C. less; fewer             D. less; few

18. Of the two shirts, I’d like to choose __________one.

A. the less expensive                               B. the most expensive

C. less expensive                                    D. most expensive

19. It’s believed that __________you work, __________result you’ll get.

A. the harder; the better                          B. the more hard; the more better

C. the harder; a better                             D. more hard; more better

20. It is __________to travel by air than by water.

A. much more excited                             B. a lot more exciting

C. a lot more excited than                        D. much exciting

答案：

1．A。表示第几长、第几高，要用“the +序数词+形容词最高级”的结构。

2．D。根据句意（变得高兴一些），要用比较级。

3．D。as…as之间不能用比较级，因此要说as few mistakes as。

4．D。表示“材料”的词应最靠近被修饰语。

5．B。 lonely意为“孤独”，而alone作“独自一人”解。

6．C。月亮不是恒星，因此用any star。

7．C。“生病的人”要用sick作修饰语，deeply意为“深深地，非常”。

8．D。of the two…表示比较范围，需用加定冠词的比较级。

9．C。要用“数量词+比较级+than”来表示“比……晚多少时间”。

10．B。much too修饰形容词或副词，too much修饰不可数名词。

11．C。比较对象要一致，句中that指代climate。

12．C。the least expensive意为“最不昂贵的”，形容词最高级要加the。

13．C。sound用作系动词，意为“听起来”，后接形容词。

14．C。of the three表示比较范围，要用最高级。

15．C。两者比较须用比较级。

16．D。表示倍数要用“倍数词+as…as”的结构。

17。C。money不可数，而people是可数名词复数。

18．A。of the two shirts表示比较范围，要用加定冠词的比较级。

19．A。本题用“the +比较级……，the +比较级”的结构，意为“越……，越……”。

20．B。a lot被用来修饰比较级，表示程度。