TPO1: TIMBERLINE VEGETATION ON MOUNTAINS

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托福ibt阅读解析杂谈 |
分类: 托福阅读全解析(OG TPO Onlin |
Timberline Vegetation on Mountains
1.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:A dramatic change or event happens suddenly
and is very noticeable and
surprising.
A fifth year of drought is expected to have dramatic effects on
the California economy...
= striking
释义来自科林斯高级学习词典
2.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:根据low timberline定位到段落最后一句话“In many semiarid areas there is also a lower timberline where the forest passes into steppe or desert at its lower edge, usually because of a lack of moisture.”意思是:在很多半干旱地区有一个下树届带,在那里的低边界树变成草原或荒漠,通常是因为缺乏水分。
3.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:顾名思义timberline 肯定是一个界限,所以选项一错,不可能是一个区域。段落第二句“Within a vertical distance of just a few tens of meters, trees disappear as a life-form and….”;段落最后一句“….a lower timberline where the forest passes into steppe or desert at its lower edge, ….”steppe 指西伯利亚无树大草原;上树届带标志着树的消失,下树届带也标志着树的消失。
4.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:段落第三句话“Timberline trees are normally evergreens, suggesting that these have some advantage over deciduous trees(those that lose their leaves) in the extreme environments of the upper timberline.”意思是:树届带的树通常都是常青树,这意味着这些树比落叶树在上树届带极端环境中生存更有优势。Normally adv.通常情况; deciduous adj.每年落叶的;
5.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:查字典:If you attain something, you gain it or achieve it, often after a lot of effort。释义来自科林斯高级学习词典。
6.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:回到原句“As the snow is deeper and lasts longer in the valleys, trees tend to attain greater heights on the ridges, even though they are more exposed to high-velocity winds and poor, thin soils there.”意思是:当山谷中雪越深持续时间越长,树可能在山脊上达到更高高度,尽管它们更暴露在强风和贫瘠薄弱的土壤中。
Tend to do 倾向于会。。。; be exposed to…被暴露在。。。;ridge n.山脊; high-velocity 高速;
7.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:查字典:(-prone) (in adjectives) likely to
suffer or do the thing mentioned;
释义来自牛津高阶;
8.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:回到段落第三句“This is because middle-and upper- altitude timberlines are strongly influenced by the duration and depth of the snow cover.”意思是:这是因为中高纬度的树届带强烈受到雪覆盖长度和深度的影响。第四句“As the snow is deeper and lasts longer in the valleys, trees tend to attain greater heights on the ridges, even though they are more exposed to high-velocity winds and poor, thin soils there.”意思是:因为雪在山谷更深持续时间更长,树在山脊上达到的高度更高,尽管它们更会被暴露在高速风和贫瘠薄弱土壤中。选项二,三都错了。段落最后一句:In the tropics, the valleys appear to be more favorable because they are less prone to dry out, they have less frost, and they have deeper soils. 意思是:在热带,山谷更适宜生长因为它们不会那么容易干涸,其中霜更少,并且泥土更深。所以选项四错。
9.
以下哪一项能表达出高亮句子的精华核心含义?错误选项改变重要含义或者遗漏精华信息。 (Sentence Simplification Question)
Wind velocity also increases with latitude and may cause serious stress for trees, as is made evident by the deformed shapes at high altitudes.
随着纬度增加风速也会增加并且可能对树造成严重压力,正如高纬度明显变形的树所显示的那样。
Velocity n.速度; increase with 随着。。。增长; evident adj.明显的; deform v.使畸形;
Altitude n.海拔;
主干原意是指,高海拔地区被扭曲的树很明显能看出随海拔升高而增大的风速对树的成长造成很大的压力。
a)
b)
c)
d)
10.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:回到段落看第一句“There is still no universally agreed-on explanation for why there should be such a dramatic cessation of tree growth at the upper timberline.”意思是:对于为什么树在上树届带戏剧性的停止生长还没有一个普遍同意的解释。 再看接下一句“Various environmental factors may play a role.”各种不同的环境因素都可能起到作用。而整个自然段之后就进一步描述了那几个自然环境因素。选项一错在文章没说环境因素没起到作用;选项二错在没有进行反驳过;选项三错在文章没有讲最主要的环境因素,只讲了很多不同环境因素中最重要的可能是气温。
Universal adj.普遍的; agreed-on 同意; dramatic adj.戏剧性的; cessation n.停止;
play a role/part 起到作用,扮演角色;
11.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:原文段落最后一句“In the equatorial mountains the low growth form is less prevalent.”意思是:在赤道山区,这种低生长形式更少。选项三与其矛盾了。
“The most striking characteristic of the plants of the alpine zone is their low growth form. This enables them to avoid the worst rigors of high winds and permits them to make use of the higher temperatures immediately adjacent to the ground surface. 意思是:在高山带植物的低增长形式是最引人注目的特点。这一特点使它们能够避免最强劲苛刻的风力并且让它们利用靠近地表的高温。所以选项一,四都对;段落倒数第二句“The low growth form can also permit the plants to take advantage of the insulation provided by a winter snow cover.”意思是:这种低生长形式还使植物能够利用冬天覆雪的隔热。所以选项二正确。
Prevalent adj.普遍的,流行的;striking adj.引人注目的; rigor n.严格,苛刻;insulation n.隔绝; permit someone to do 允许某人做某事;enable someone to do 使某人能做某事; adjacent to 紧邻; make use of 利用; take advantage of 利用;
12.
This explains how, for example, alpine cushion plants have been found growing at an altitude of 6,180 meters.
比如,这就解释了高山垫形植物如何被发现在海拔6180米的地方生长。
解析:看到This就应该想到插入口之前一定有对垫形植物在高海拔生长做出解释。扫完第五段发现只有最后一句话是一个解释“At this great height, rocks, warmed by the sun, melt small snowdrifts. ”意思是:在这样大的高度上,受到太阳的温暖,融化了小雪堆。所以答案是第四个插入口。
13.
At the timberline, whether upper or lower, there is a profound change in the growth of trees and other plants.
不管是在上树届带还是下树届带,对树和其他植物的生长都有很大的影响。
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
解析:
选项一错,这是一个细节,不符合文章论述主体。
选项二对,文章第四段主题句。
选项三错,文章第四段中没有这样的比较。
选项四对,文章第二段讲了树的类型,第三段讲了树变形。
选项五错,文章第四段没有这个比较。
选项六对,文章第五,六段的主要内容。
因此,答案是:2,4,6;
文章是解释说明型,描述山上树届带植被。
第一段介绍了上树届带和下树届带。上树届带是一个由森林到无树苔原的过度界线;下树届带是半干旱地区因为缺水的从树木到草原或沙漠的过度地界。
第二段讲了上树届带在热带最高在极地最低。一般树届带的树都是常青树而不是落叶树。
第三段讲上树届带中树开始扭曲变形,尤其是在中高纬度地区。在中高纬度地区,树在山脊能达到更高的高度;而在热带地区,树在山谷能达到更高高度。因为中高纬度山谷的雪覆盖厚且时间长,所以在山脊上长得更高;而在热带地区山谷不容易干涸、霜少且泥土厚,所以在山谷能长得更高。
第四段讲了一系列可能导致树停止生长的环境因素,可能是雪太多,风太大,紫外线太强,吃草动物甚至温度。
第五段讲树届带之上的高山苔原区,都是低矮的植物,这些植物能生长在海拔很高的地方。
第六段讲高山苔原区植物矮的特性,以及这一特性如何帮助它们抗风和取暖。