TPO3:ARCHITECTURE
(2011-11-29 17:04:49)
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Architecture
1.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:段落最后一句“Of all the visual arts, architecture affects our lives most directly for it determines the character of the human environment in major ways.”意思是:在所有视觉艺术中,建筑是最直接影响我们的,因为它在主要方面决定了人类环境的特征。因此选项一对,选项四错。段落第二句话“Because architecture grows out of human needs and aspirations, it clearly communicates cultural values.”因为建筑来源于人类需求和渴望,它明显交流了文化价值。所以选项二对。段落第一句“Architecture is the art and science of ….”,所以选项三对。
Grow out of 从。。。成长起来,来源于;aspiration n.渴望;
2.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:查字典,If something is feasible, it can be done, made, or achieved. 释义来自科林斯高级学习词典。
3.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:查字典,To enhance something means to improve its value, quality, or attractiveness. 释义来自科林斯高级学习词典。
4.
以下哪一项能表达出高亮句子的精华核心含义?错误选项改变重要含义或者遗漏精华信息。
In order for the structure to achieve the size and strength necessary to meet its purpose, architecture employs methods of support that, because they are based on physical laws, have changed little since people first discovered them- even while building materials have changed dramatically.
为了使结构能够达到目标所要求的尺寸和力量,建筑物的支撑方法从人们发明它们时就没多少变化,因为它们遵守的是物理定律,即使当建筑材料都已经发生了翻天覆地的变化。
Employ
采用 =
use;
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:选项一错,物理定律没有限制建筑物的尺寸和力量,改变原意。
选项二错,结构的物理定律是没有提到的东西。
选项三错,建筑的方法都是基于物理定律的,严重改变原意。
5.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:查字典to invent sth new or a new way of doing sth;释义来自牛津高阶。
6.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:查字典:Something that is an integral part of
something is an essential
part of that thing. Rituals and festivals form an integral part
of every human society...
= basic,
fundamental;
释义来自科林斯高级学习词典。
7.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:段落第三句“In earlier times it was necessary to design structural systems suitable for the materials that were available, such as wood, stone, brick.”意思是:早期要为可以获得的材料,如木头、石头和石块,来设计合适的结构系统。第四句“Today technology has progressed to the point where it is possible to invent new building materials to suit the type of structure desired.”意思是:现在,技术已经发展到可以为想要的结构类型发明新的建筑材料的程度。
这两句的意思就是,原来是结构适应材料,现在是发明材料来适应想要的结构。
Suitable adj.合适的; available adj.可获得的; availability n.可利用性;
8.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:段落最后一句“Progress in this area can be measured by the difference in weight between buildings built now and those of comparable size built one hundred years ago.”意思是:在这一领域的进步可以通过衡量现代建筑和一百年前相似尺寸的建筑物之前重量差异来得出。而前一句“Enormous changes in materials and techniques of construction within the last few generations have made it possible to enclose space with much greater ease and speed and with a minimum of material.”意思是:过去几代在材料和建筑技术上的巨大改变使得包围空间更轻松更快速,并且用最少的材料。相比过去材料少了,重量当然就轻了。
选项一错,因为现在的房子普遍比原来占空间大,而且文章没在尺寸上比较现代建筑和早期建筑。
选项二错,肯定有区别,这一段就是在讲区别。
选项四错,原句说,greater speed ,速度更快。
Be measured by
通过。。。来衡量。
9.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:选项一错,原文“…equipment, similar to the body’s vital organs and systems…”这不是一个部分,是很多个部分。
选项二错,早期建筑的没有设备。
选项三错,没提到容易改变的成分问题。
Component n.成分; vital adj.重要的; interior adj.内部的;
10.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:查字典:Something that is arduous is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot of effort. 释义来自科林斯高级学习词典。
11.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:找到原句“The doorways and windows are made possible by placing over the open spaces thick stone beams that support the weight from above.”意思是:通过在开阔空间放置厚的石头横梁来支撑上面的重量,走廊和窗户的建造就成为可能。前面的句子都在讲建筑需要石头,与这句话联系不大,于是看后一句“A structural invention had to be made before the physical limitations of stone could be overcome and new architectural forms could be created.”意思是:在石头的物理限制被克服和新的建筑形式被创造之前,需要一个结构发明。再往后看一句“That invention was the arch….”这个发明就是拱形。所以选项三对。
选项一错,这一段没讲骨架和皮肤;
选项二错,没讲不同种类的石头;
选项四错,没讲到古建筑家;
句子语法讲解:
Place over the open spaces
thick stone beams that….
Place的宾语是thick stone beams,但是因为that引导的定语从句使宾语变得很长,为了避免头重脚轻,所以把宾语后置了,一般顺序应该是 place thick stone beams (that..) over the open spaces.
12.
a)
b)
c)
d)
解析:选项一错,不是罗马人最先使用而是地中海地区用来在下水道排水
选项二对,段落第五句“A structural invention had to be made before the physical limitations of stone …..”第六句“That invention was the arch….”
选项三错,拱形将力量分布到两边不是集中到中心。
选项四错,原来拱形用在下水道,是罗马人用到地上建筑的。
13.
Look at the four squares ■that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.
However, some modern architectural designs, such as those using folded plates of concreter or air-inflated structures, are again unifying skeleton and skin.
然而,一些现代建筑设计,比如那些使用混凝土折叠片或者充气结构的建筑,重新结合了骨架和皮肤。
句子的主干是:现代建筑设计重新结合骨架和皮肤。
解析:从However看出转折,所以插入句子之前应该是讲骨架和皮肤是分开的。所以只有最后一句话“Of course in early architecture…., and the skeleton and skin were often one.”所以答案是第四个插入口。
14.
Architecture uses forms and space to express cultural values.
建筑使用形式和空间来表达文化价值
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
解析:选项一对,文章第一段大意。
选项二对,文章第四段大意。
选项三错,建筑物不为了造成像人类身体的,只不过是可以做一个比较而已。
选项四错,这是第二段的一个细节。
选项五错,文章最后一段的主要内容。
因此答案选:1,2,6;
此文章为解释说明型;
第一段讲了建筑的定义、作用和意义。建筑是设计结构、组织包围空间的艺术和科学,出于象征和实际的目的。可以为人类提供住处。又因为反应人类需要和渴望,体现价值交流。因此直接影响到我们的生活。
第二段建筑是一个三维形式。需要将很多元素和谐融合,提供灵感和舒适度。
第三段讲建筑结构因为要遵循物理定律,几乎没什么改变,而且还要受到建筑材料的限制。
第四段讲建筑的发展是主要科技的发展。以前是用结构来适应材料,现在发展到可以发明材料来适应想要的结构。
第五段现代建筑和早期建筑与人身体部分的相似性。
第六段讲石头建筑在建筑史上的重要性,由此引出拱形的发明所带来的建筑结构和形式上的突破。