法律常见词汇-be deemed

be deemed

释义: 被认为
用法: 法律文件中的正式用语，比“be believed, be considered”正式

例1
In the absence of such indication, the Credit shall be deemed to be revocable.

注释：
（1）in the absence of such indication：如无该项表示
（2）the Credit shall be deemed to be revocable：信用证应视作是可撤销的

参考译文：
如无该项表示，信用证应视作是可撤销的。

例2
If an issuing bank states that the credit is to be available “for one month”, “for six months” or the like, and if the issuing bank fails to specify the initial day, the date of issuance of the credit by the issuing bank shall be deemed to be the initial date. Banks shall discourage such practice of indicating the expiry date of the credit.

注释：
（1）the credit is to be available “for one month”, “for six months” or the like：信用证有效期为“一个月”，“六个月”或类似情况
（2）the date of issuance of the credit by the issuing bank shall be deemed to be the initial date：开证行的开证日期将被认为是起算日
（3）Banks shall discourage such practice of indicating the expiry date of the credit.：银行应劝阻此种表明信用证到期日的做法。

参考译文：
如果开证行规定信用证有效期为“一个月”，“六个月”或类似情况，如未列明自何时起算时，开证行的开证日期将被认为是起算日。银行应劝阻此种表明信用证到期日的做法。

例3
For the purpose of these articles, the date of issuance of a transport document (s) shall be deemed to be the later date between such date of issuance and such date of the reception stamp as is indicated on the transport document.

注释：
（1）for the purpose of these articles：就本条文而言
（2）shall be deemed to be the later date between：将被认为是两者中之较迟者
（3）date of the reception stamp：收到戳记日期

参考译文：
就本条文而言，运输单据的出单日期将被认为是运输单据上表明的出单日期和收到戳记日期两者中之较迟者。

例4
The Engineer may, whether before or after the carrying out of his oral instruction, confirm in writing the oral instruction given by the Engineer. In such case, the instruction in question shall be deemed to be an instruction within the meaning of this Sub-Clause.

注释：
（1）whether before or after the carrying out of his oral instruction：在其口头指示执行之前或之后
（2）the instruction in question shall be deemed to be an instruction within the meaning of this Sub-Clause：应认为此类指示是符合本款规定的指示 within the meaning of this Sub-Clause：符合本款规定的指示

参考译文：
工程师可在其口头指示执行之前或之后，用书面形式对其口头指示加以确认，在这种情况下，应认为此类指示是符合本款规定的指示。

例5
If, within 7 days, the Contractor confirms in writing to the Engineer any oral instruction of the Engineer, and such confirmation is not contradicted in writing within 7 days by the Engineer, the oral instruction in question shall be deemed to be an instruction of the Engineer.

注释：
（1）the Contractor confirms in writing to the Engineer any oral instruction of the Engineer：承包人用书面形式确认工程师的口头指示
（2）such confirmation is not contradicted in writing within 7 days by the Engineer：工程师在7天之内没有以书面形式对该确认加以否认
（3）the oral instruction in question shall be deemed to be an instruction of the Engineer：则此项指示应视为是工程师的指示

参考译文：
若承包人在7天之内，用书面形式确认工程师的口头指示，并且工程师在7天之内没有以书面形式对该确认加以否认，则此项指示应视为是工程师的指示。

例6
The execution of this Clause shall not be deemed to imply any approval by the Engineer of the materials or other matters for incorporation in the Works nor shall it prevent the rejection of any such materials at any time by the Engineer.

注释：
（1）the execution of this Clause：本条款的执行
（2）not be deemed to imply any approval by the Engineer of the materials or other matters for incorporation in the Works：并不意味着工程师对用于工程中的材料或其它事项的任何批准
（3）it：the execution of this Clause
（4）prevent the rejection of any such materials at any time by the Engineer：也不应阻止工程师在任何时候对任何上述材料的拒绝

参考译文：
本条款的执行并不意味着工程师对用于工程中的材料或其它事项的任何批准，也不应阻止工程师在任何时候对任何上述材料的拒绝。

例7
The Contractor shall not be required by the Employer or the Engineer, or be deemed to have any obligation, to employ any nominated Subcontractor. Provided that the Contractor shall have the right and reason to reject the employment of any such nominated Subcontractor who declines to enter into a Subcontract with the Contractor under the following provisions of the Contract.

注释：
（1）the Contractor shall not be required by the Employer or the Engineer, or be deemed to have any obligation：业主或工程师不应要求承包人或认为承包人有任何义务
（2）nominated Subcontractor：指定分包人
（3）to reject the employment of any such nominated Subcontractor：反对雇用指定分包人
（4）declines to enter into a Subcontract with the Contractor under the following provisions of the Contract：拒绝按下述规定与承包人签订分包合同

参考译文：
业主或工程师不应要求承包人或认为承包人有任何义务去雇用指定分包人。承包人有理由反对雇用任何拒绝按下述规定与承包人签订分包合同的指定分包人。

例8
The relationship between the Agent and each Bank is that of the agent and the principal only. Provided that the relationship in question shall not be deemed to constitute the Agent a trustee for any Bank or impose on the Agent any obligations other than the obligations specified in the provisions of this Contract.

注释：
（1）the agent and the principal：代理人和本人
（2）to constitute the Agent a trustee for any Bank：将代理行视为任何银行的信托受托人

参考译文：
代理行和各行之间的关系仅为代理人和本人的关系，该种关系并非将代理行视为任何银行的信托受托人，或对代理人附加本合同明示条款规定以外的任何义务。

例9
The headings and marginal notes in these Conditions shall not be deemed part thereof or be taken into consideration in the interpretation or construction thereof or of the Contract.

注释：
（1）the headings and marginal notes：标题和旁注
（2）shall not be deemed part thereof：（thereof：part of the Conditions）不应视为合同条件的一部分
（3）the interpretation or construction thereof = the interpretation or construction of these conditions：合同条件的解释或含义 construction：meaning, sense

参考译文：
本合同条件中的标题和旁注不应视为合同条件的一部分，对合同条件或合同本身进行解释或理解时，也不应考虑这些标题和旁注。

例10
Destruction, damage, injury or loss of life caused by the explosion or impact, whenever and wherever occurring, of any mine, bomb, shell, grenade, or other projectile, missile, munitions or explosive of war, shall be deemed to be consequences of the said special risks.

注释：
（1）shall be deemed to be consequences of the said special risks：应视为上述特殊风险的后果 consequences of the said special risks：上述特殊风险的后果

参考译文：
不论何时何地发生任何因地雷、炸弹、爆破筒、手榴弹或其它炮弹、导弹、弹药或战争用爆炸物的爆炸或冲击引起的破坏、损害、人身伤亡，均应视为上述特殊风险的后果。

例11
Only the Defects Liability Certificate referred to in Clause 62, shall be deemed to constitute approval of the Works.

注释：
（1）the Defects Liability Certificate：缺陷责任书
（2）shall be deemed to constitute approval of the Works：视为构成对工程的批准

参考译文：
只有第62条规定的缺陷责任书才能视为构成对工程的批准。