REVISION Ⅰ

Ⅰ. A. Pronounce the following and spell the words out, then put the words into Chinese orally:

Portrait recognize account curiously engineer obviously permission hollow strength cottage persuade wretched

   B. Read the following words and arrange them in groups according to the pronunciation of the bold-faced letters:
race affectionately Albert imagine latent ankle instant affair tenant announce package irrigate kidnap emphasis engage shade tax tame

Ⅱ. Learn the following:

    adj.               adv.              v.                n.
complete             completely         permit          permission
separate              separately          oppress         oppression
affectionate           affectionately       act             action
instant               instantly           invent           invention
constant              constantly          educate         education
main                 mainly            operate          operation
entire                entirely            pollute          pollution
remarkable            remarkably         imagine         imagination
wretched              wretchedly         irrigate         irrigation
anxious               anxiously          develop         development
curious                curiously          agree          agreement
obvious               obviously          engage         engagement
frightful               frightfully         announce        announcement
dreadful               dreadfully         move           movement

Ⅲ. Translate the following sentences into Chinese, paying attention to the italicized words:

1.       My uncle likes to read the evening paper while having his supper.
Will you give me a piece of paper to write down the addree？
The maths paper was rather difficult this time.

2.       In hot summer days big trees can cool us with their shade.
The milk is not cool enough to drink.
Come and sit in the shade. It’s quite cool here.

3.       Before liberation the poor peasants were taxed by the landlords（地主）without mercy.
How much tax did the shop pay last year?

4.       The nobleman struck at the young tenant with a whip.
He says that wild horses do not become tame unless they are whipped.

5.       The passengers were saved from the ship that went on the rocks last week not far from HongKong（香港）.
Some shoots of bamboo are put into cans and shipped all over the world.

6.       Tom was told to paint the fence on a Saturday morning.
Do you have any more white paint?

7.       He brushed the dirt off his clothes, using a new plastic brush.
Don’t forget to brush your teeth before going to bed at night.

8.       Some kinds of bamboo bloom and have seeds every year.
In spring many kinds of plants are in bloom.

Ⅳ. Fill in the blanks with the given verbs, using present or past participles:

1.       He saw a sparrow       (fly) overhead just now.

2.       We watched them       (play) basketball on the playground.

3.       He gave me back the composition       (mark) and       (correct) carefully.

4.       At this moment the bell rang       (announce) the end of class.

5.       This is a book       (write) by Lao She.

6.       He found a lost child      (cry) and       (call) for its mother in the park.

7.       A hunter found a       (wound) goat in a cave       (die) fast.

Ⅴ. Fill in the blanks with that, who, whom, whose, which, when and where:

1.       That is the person        won the prize last week.

2.       There’s nothing        you can do about it.

3.       I’m still not clear about        I should give this to.

4.       She was very pleased with the present       he brought her.

5.       Obviously, the letter to Tom       John posted a month ago has not yet arrived.

6.       Do you still remember those days       we worked together in the countryside（农村）？

7.       His brother, with       I went to the zoo, took many pictures of the animals and birds there.

8.       The rat is digging a tunnel through       it can reach the field to get food.

9.       This is the boy       sister was seized and taken away just before she was to be married.

10.   The White House is the house       the President of the United States lives and works.

Ⅵ. Fill in each blank with a proper preposition:

Charles Dickens

Charles Dickens (1812 -1870), was one       the greatest       all English writers. His books are still widely read today.

Dickens was born      a poor family. He had little education       his childhood. He had to work      morning       night,       little to eat and only a tiny place to live in. When he was twelve his father was  put       prison       debt.

Dickens’s first important job was as a newspaper reporter. While working there he wrote his first storybook, “Pickwick Papers”, It was a great success. “Oliver Twist”, his second storybook, followed. He became very famous       his writings.

Dickens wrote a great many books. As a writer, he succeeded       calling attention       many      the terrible wrongs that existed       that time.

Charles Dickens had to work very hard and it did great harm       his health.       1870 he died suddenly while he was       his work.

Reporter n.记者 Pickwick Papers 《匹克威克外传》（书名） Oliver Twist《雾都孤儿》（书名）succeed vi.成功

Ⅶ. Read the play and act it out:

Getting Acquainted

Jack: Say, isn’t your name Mike Smith?

Mike: Yes, it is. What’s yours?

Jack: My name is Jack Brown.

Mike: Hi, Jack. Glad to meet you. You’re in my class, aren’t you?

Jack: Yes. My father knows your father.

Mike: Really? We’ve only been here for a short time. I don’t know many people yet.

Jack: It’s hard to meet people in a new town. Would you like to come to the café with me? Everybody goes there after school. They have ice cream and things to drink. You can meet some of the other people in our class.

Mike: I’d like to, Jack, but I’ve got to post these letters.

Jack: That doesn’t matter. The post office is on the way to the café. I’ll go with you. I suppose you’re writing to your old friends?

Mike: Yes. We just moved here from a very small town, you know. We knew everybody there. I’m going to miss my old friends.

Jack: You’ll make a lot of new friends here. Dad said you have a brother. Is that right?

Mike: Yes. He’s a year younger than I am. Do you have any brothers or sisters?

Jack: Yes. I have a younger sister. Her name is Kate. Well, here’s the post office. You can post your letters first. The café is just across the street.

Acquaint vt.使认识，使了解  café n.咖啡馆 cream n.乳脂；奶油 ice cream 冰淇淋

LESSON FIVE

WINTER SLEEP

Some birds will fly away to the south when the weather turns cold. Other birds and all animals stay with you, but you will not see all the animals all through the winter. In the cold weather some of them hibernate.

They go to sleep in all kinds of places. Red squirrels disappear inside trees, bears use caves, frogs go deep under the muc, and many other animals dig tunnels in the earth. A good many animals sleep under the snow. There is a lot of air in loose snow, and this helps to keep the cold out.

Some warm-blooded animals, like the cat, the dig or the wolf, do not need to hibernate; they lead an active life which keeps up their normal body temperature even in very cold winter weather. But for a cold-blooded creature such as a frog or a snake it is a different matter. When the air temperature is below freezing, the creature’s body temperature drops too. It cannot move about in its usual way. Then it has no choice but to lie down and sleep. To do that, it must find a place where it can keep fairly warm; and it must be a place where its enemies cannot find it.

Hibernation is more than sleep. It is a very deep sleep. The animal’s temperature drops to just over zero centigrade, and its heart beats very slowly. People who find hibernating animals asleep often think that they are dead: the body feels very cold, and the creature may breathe only once every five minutes. A hibernating animal cannot feel any pain. You can touch it, or even pull its tail, without causing it to move or wake up. In its hibernating state it can even live in a poisonous atmosphere for a long time without any ill effect.

Hibernating in that way, the animal can sleep all through the winter. You might wonder how it manages to live without eating for so many months. The answer lies in two facts. The first is that it has stored supplies of fat in its body during the summer and autumn. The second is connected with the main use the body makes of food – to supply the energy for movement. We have seen that the hibernating animal reduces movement to far below the ordinary level. Even the movements of the heart and lungs are greatly reduced. The animal hardly makes any movement, hardly uses any energy, and hardly needs any food.

Some animals, including some bears, only half-hibernate. That is to say, they sleep during the winter but their sleep is not such a deep one, and their body temperature does not drop. In the autumn the bear eats and eats and becomes very fat indeed. His hair grows longer. Soon he has a thick covering of fat and fur. In November he finds a place in a cave or under a tree and just lies down and goes to sleep. On warm winter days he may think that spring has arrived; he gets up and walks around. When he sees that the snow is still thick on the ground, he quickly goes to sleep again.

The squirrel is an animal which makes secret food stores for the winter. It hides large quantities of nuts inside trees. In the old stories which taught moral lessons to children, the squirrel was a ‘good’ animal: it saved someing for the future.

WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS

all through 自始自终
hibernate vi.（动物）冬眠
squirrel n.松鼠
frog n.蛙
mud n.（软）泥；泥浆
a good many 很多的；相当多的
loose adj.松的；松散的
keep … out 不让……进来
warm-blooded adj.（动物）温血的
wolf n.狼
lead a … life 过……的生活
keep up 保持；维持；继续
normal adj.正常的，正规的；标准的
cold-blooded adj.（动物）冷血的；（人）无情的
creature n.生物；动物
usual adj.通常的；平常的
choice n.选择
fairly adv.相当；还算
hibernation n.冬眠
zero n.零；零点；零度
centigrade adj.百分度的；摄氏温度计的
pain n.疼；疼痛
cause vt.使发生，引起；促使
atmosphere n.大气；空气
effect n. 结果；影响；效果；作用
manage vt. 管理；处理；经营 vi. 设法对付
supply vt. 供给；供应；补充 n.供给物；供应品；贮藏量
fat n.脂肪；油脂
connected adj.连结的；有联系的 be connected with与……有关系
use n.使用；用途
energy n.精力；活力；能；能量
movement n.运动；活动
reduce vt.缩减；减少
level n.水平；标准
lung n.肺
half-hibernate vi.（动物）半冬眠
covering n.覆盖（物）；套，罩
fur n.（兽类的）软毛；皮毛
secret adj.秘密的；隐蔽的 n.秘密
quantity n.量；数量
nut n.坚果；坚果核
moral adj.道德（上）的；道义的；精神上的

NOTES TO THE TEXT

1.       There is a lot of air in loose snow, and this helps to keep the cold out. 松散的雪里有大量的空气，这有助于御寒。
keep something out是“不让……进入”的意思。如：
Shut the windows and keep the cold out. 把窗子关上，不要让冷空气进来。

2.       Hibernation is more than sleep. 冬眠不仅仅是睡眠（更甚于睡眠）。
句中的more than是“多过”、“比……更”的意思。

3.       The animal’s temperature drops to just over zero centigrade,… 动物的体温降到刚好在零摄氏度以上……

4.       … the body feels very cold, … ……身体摸上去冰凉……
feel在这里是连系动词，意思是“摸上去有某种感觉”。如：
The face of the table feels smooth.这桌面摸上去很光滑。

5.       The answer lies in two facts. 可以从两个方面的事实得到答案。
lie in是“在于”的意思。

6.       The second is connected with the main use the body makes of food – to supply the energy for movement. 第二是与食物对身体的主要用途，即食物供给身体活动所需要的能量有关。
the body makes of food用作定语，修饰use，前边省略了关系代词which。
to supply the energy for movement是the main use的同位语，起进一步说明的作用。

7.       Far below远远低于，大大低于。Far在这里强调程度之大。

8.       The animal hardly makes any movement, hardly uses any energy, and hardly needs any food. 冬眠的动物几乎没有什么活动，也就几乎不消耗什么能量，因此也就几乎不需要什么食物。

9.       that is to say “也就是说”，“换句话说”，是插入语。
Two weeks from today, that is to say, the 1^st of March, is my birthday. 两个星期后的今天，也就是说三月一日，是我的生日。
Her mother is as well as before, that is to say, not very well. 她母亲身体和以前一样，也就是说，并不怎么好。

GRAMMAR

“it”的用法

The Use of “it”

Ⅰ. 代词it

1.       用作人称代词，代替前文提到过的事物。
1) My pen is missing. I can’t find it anywhere.
2) The frog is not a warm-blooded animal. It’s a cold-blooded one.
3) Jack is ill. Have you heard about it?

2.       用以代替指示代词this, that。
1）What’s this? – It’s a flag?
2) Whose exercise-book is that? – It’s hers.

3.       表示时间、天气、距离。
1) It’s time for lunch.
2) When spring comes, it gets warmer and warmer.
3) It’s about tow li from here to the zoo.

Ⅱ. 引导词it

1.       作形式主语，代替由不定式（或不定式复合结构）、动名词或从句表示的真正主语。
1) He had to sit up now, for it was impossible for him to sleep.
2) It’s no use telling him that.
3) It’s not yet known where she has gone.

2.       作形式宾语，代替由不定式、动名词或从句表示的真正宾语。
1) He feels it his duty to help others.
2) We thought it no use doing that.
3) They want to make it clear to the public that they do an important and necessary job.

3.       用在强调结构中。为了强调句子的某一成分（通常是主语、宾语或状语），常用强调结构“It is (was)+被强调成分+that（或who）…”。如：
I saw Li Ping in the street this morning. 可用强调结构来分别强调句中的主语、宾语、地点状语和时间状语。
1）It was I who saw Li Ping in the street this morning.是我今天早晨在街上看到李平的。
2）It was Li Ping that I saw in the street this morning.今天早晨我在街上看到的是李平。
3）It was in the street that（不用where）I saw Li Ping this morning.我今天早晨在街上看到李平的。
4）It was this morning that（不用when）I saw Li Ping in the street.我是今天早晨在街上看到李平的。

EXERCISES

Ⅰ. Choose the correct statements:

1.       1）All the birds will fly away to the south when the weather turns cold.
2) All the animals and birds will hibernate when the weather turns cold.
3)Some birds will fly away to the south when the weather turns cold; some animals hibernate in the cold weather.

2.       1) Animals hibernate only in the earth.
2) Animals like to hibernate under the mud or under the snow.
3) Hibernating animals sleep in all kinds of places – in caves, inside trees, in the earth, under the mud or under the snow.

3.       1) None of the warm-blooded animals need to hibernate, because they lead an active life which keeps up their normal body temperature even in very cold weather.
2) Some of the cold-blooded animals need to hibernate, because their blood temperature drops when the air temperature is below freezing and they cannot move about in the usual way.
3) All cold-blooded animals need to hibernate, because they are afraid of cold.

4.       1）A hibernating animal may breathe only once every five minutes and cannot feel any pain.
2) A hibernating animal does not breathe and cannot feel any pain.
3)A hibernating animal can wake up when you give a hard pull at its tail.

5.       1) Hibernation is a broken sleep.
2) Hibernation is a long and very deep sleep.
3) Hibernation is a short sleep.

6.       1) Hibernating animals can live all through the winter without eating, because they have stored food in their stomachs during the summer and autumn.
2) Hibernating animals can live all through the winter without eating, because they do not need any food.
3) Hibernating animals can live all through the winter without eating, because they have stored supplies of fat in their bodies during the summer and autumn and they hardly make any movement, hardly use any energy and hardly need any food.

Ⅱ. Give a word or phrase, beginning with the letter(s) given, which has the same meaning as those in the brackets:
h      (sleep through the winter)
n      (usual)
p      (a feeling of suffering or discomfort)
c      (make something happen)
at      (mixture of gases around the earth)
re      (make less in number)
s      (give or provide)
in      (really)

Ⅲ. Find the main idea in each of the three paragraphs of the text:

Paragraph 4

1.       Hibernation is more than sleep. It is a very deep sleep.

2.       The hibernating animal’s temperature drops to just over zero centigrade, and its heart beats very slowly.

3.       A hibernating animal cannot feel any pain.

Paragraph 5

1.       A hibernating animal has stored supplies of fat in its body during the summer and autumn.

2.       A hibernating animal can sleep all through the winter without eating.

3.       A hibernating animal reduces movement to far below the ordinary level.

Paragraph 6

1.       In the autumn the bear eats and eats and becomes very fat indeed.

2.       On warm winter days the bear may think that spring has arrived; he gets up and walks around.

3.       Some animals, including some bears, only half-hibernate.

Ⅳ. Put the following phrases into English:

A.     1.他们每个人  2.他们中的任何人  3.他们中没人  4. 他们中的两人  5.他们俩  6.他们中的一些人  7.他们中的几个  8.他们中间没几个  9.他们中间许多人  10.他们所有的人

B.      1.在泥下  2.在地里  3.在地上  4.在松散的雪里  5.在雪下面  6.在树里面  7.在树下  8.在洞里  9.在空中

Ⅴ. A. Complete the following sentences after the model:

Model: I wonder        （他们在做什么） I wonder what they are doing.

1. I wonder          （他们在谈什么）.

2. I wonder          （她一个人是怎么大扫除的）.

3. We wonder         （她什么时候去访问美国）.

4. We wonder         （他把包裹放在哪儿了）.

B.Put the following into Chinese, paying attention to the different meanings of the word or:

1. You must do it well whether you like it or not.

2. “Don’t move, or I’ll fire!” shouted the guard to the prisoner who was trying to run away.

3. This book can be used in English-speaking countries or in non-English speaking countries（不讲英语的国家）

4. It’s one hundred and twenty kilometers, or two hundred and forty li, from here to my hometown.

Ⅵ. Join each pair of sentences after the model:

Model: The cat was driven out of the house. It climbed on to the roof.
         Driven out of the house, the cat climbed on to the roof.

1.       The wolves had nowhere to hide themselves. They were hunted everywhere.

2.       The bear was badly wounded. It gathered all its strength to rush at the hunter.

3.       The bears were frightened by the fire in the forest. They ran down the hills.

4.       The snake was saved by the kind-hearted （好心肠的）old man. It soon woke up from the coldness.

5.       The horse was given a whip now and then. It kept running as fast as it could.

6.       The baby monkey was carried in its mother’s arms. It looked very happy.

Ⅶ.A. Translate the following sentences into Chinese and tell the function of “it”:

1.       It was exciting news.

2.       It was about half past ten when we got to the station.

3.       It’s no use regretting what has been done.

4.       People in the West make it a rule to buy Christmas presents for their relatives（亲戚）and friends.

5.       We think it important that college students should master at least one foreign language.

6.       It is the eighth of March today.

7.       The parents will never forget that it was he who had saved their child’s life.

8.       A lovely day, isn’t it?

9.       It makes me sick to think about the matter.

10.   It takes me two hours to get here.

B.Read the third paragraph of the text, pick out each sentence which has “it” and tell its function.

Ⅷ. Read the following passage and answer the questions:

A Fish That Walks

Everyone knows that fish can swim. But there is a special kind of fish that can also “walk”. The walking fish can “leave” the water and still live. Sometimes a walking fish gets tired of swimming in its pond. Then it can jump out and walk to a new one.

Like other fish, the walking fish uses its gills for breathing when it is in the water. But the walking fish also has a simple lung that lets it breathe outside of the water. It is its lung that makes this kind of fish different from other fish. Its lung lets the fish breathe air when it is not in the water. A walking fish can stay outside of the water for up to twelve hours.

The fish has its own strange way of walking. It jumps out of the water. It bends its back, drags its tail forward, lifts its head and throws itself toward where it wants to go.

The fish can keep up this “walking” until it reaches a new pond. Once in the new pond, the walking fish swims again.

Pond n.池塘；鱼塘 gill n.鳃

1.         Can a walking fish live when it leaves the water?

2.         What does a walking fish do when it gets tired of swimming in its pond?

3.         What is it that makes this kind of fish different from other fish?

4.         How long can a walking fish stay outside of the water?

The fish has its own strange way of walking, hasn’t it? How does it get out of the water and “walk” to a new pond?