LESSON THREE

ALL THESE THINGS ARE TO BE ANSWERED FOR

 

The following account was written by Alexandre Manette, a French doctor, in 1767 when he was a prisoner in the Bastille in France.

In his account Dr. Manette told the story of the great wrong done to him. When he was walking by the river Seine one night in December 1757, two noblemen forced him into their carriage and took him to a lonely house. There, in a room upstairs, he found a young and beautiful girl, who kept shouting and crying, obviously mad. He did what he could to calm her, and then he was taken down to another room, where he found a wounded peasant boy, who was dying. The boy told him his story and also that of the girl upstairs, who was his sister, and of the terrible wrongs that had been done them by the two noblemen. The boy died, and a week later, so did his sister.

The doctor wrote a letter to the Minister disclosing the whole affair. The next day he was kidnapped and thrown into the Bastille.

The following is taken from Dr. Manette’s account of his meeting with the boy and of what the boy told him.

*   *   *   *   *   *

The older of the two noblemen took a light and let my into a back room. There on some hay on the ground lay a peasant boy of not more than seventeen. He lay on his back, his teeth set, his right hand clenched on his breast, and his glaring eyes looking straight upward. I could not see where is wound was as I knelt on one knee over him, but I could see that he was dying.

“I am a doctor, my poor fellow,” said I. “Let me examine you.”

“I do not want to be examined,” he answered. “Let me be.”

The wound was under his hand, and I persuaded him to let me move his hand away. It was a sword-thrust, received from twenty to twenty-four hours before, but nothing could have saved him even if he had been tended without delay. He was then dying fast.

“How did this happen, monsieur?” said I.

“A serf! He forced my brother to draw upon him, and fell by my brother’s sword,” said the nobleman.

The boy’s eyes had slowly moved to the nobleman as he spoke, and they now moved to me. Slowly, he spoke out: “He is lying. Doctor. I have a sister. She was engaged to a young man, a tenant of his. We were all tenants of his – of that man who is standing there.”

It was with the greatest difficulty that the boy gathered the strength to speak, but he spoke with a frightful emphasis.

(To be continued)

WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS

Answer for 对……负责；受到惩罚；得到报应
account n. (关于事件、人物等的)报道，叙述，描写
Alexandre Manette 亚历山大.莫耐特（人名）
prisoner n.囚犯；犯人
the Bastille 巴士底狱（十四至十八世纪法国的巴黎城堡和国家监狱）
Seine n.塞纳河（法国北部）
nobleman n.贵族
upstairs adv.在楼上；往楼上 adj.楼上的；在楼上的
obviously adv.显而易见地
calm vt. & vi. （使）平静下来；（使）镇定
disclose vt. 揭开；揭发；揭露

Affair n. 事件；事情
kidnap vt. 诱拐；绑架
hay n.干草
clench vt.咬紧（牙关）；握拳（拳头等）
breast n.胸膛，胸部
glaring adj.耀眼的；瞪眼的；怒目而视的
upward adv.向上
kneel (knelt, knelt) vi.跪着；跪下
persuade vt. 劝说；说服 persuade somebody to do something说服某人做某事
sword n.剑，刀 sword-thrust n.刀刺；剑刺
receive vt.受到，遭到；得到
tend vt. 护理；照料
delay n., vt. & vi.延迟；耽搁；延误
monsieur n. 先生（法语）
serf n.农奴
speak out 大声讲；清楚和响亮地说
engage vt. & vi. 从事；约定；订婚
tenant n.佃户；房客
strength n.力量；力气
frightful adj.可怕的；令人恐怖的
emphasis n.强调；重点

NOTES TO THE TEXT

1.       本课及下课课文选自十九世纪英国著名作家狄更斯（Charles Dickens 1812-1870）的小说《双城记》（A Tale of Two Cities）中的一段，经过删节和改写。

2.       ALL THESE THINGS ARE TO BE ANSWERED FOR所有这一切都是要偿还的。
answer for的本义是“对……负责”，引申为“得到报应”、“受到惩罚”等义。
are to be answered是动词be和动词不定式连用，表示“必要”、“企图”、“约定”等，指的是按计划安排要做的事。如：
You are to finish the work before five this afternoon.你们必须在今天下午五点钟以前完成这项工作。
We are to meet at the school gate at six.我们定于六时在校门口集合。

3.       In his account Dr. Manette told the story of great wrong done to him.莫耐特医生在他记述里，说了他所受的极大的冤屈。
wrong在这里作名词，“冤枉”、“委屈”的意思。过去分词短语done to him = which had been done to him是定语，修饰wrong的。

4.       The doctor wrote a letter to the Minister disclosing the whole affair.医生给大臣写了一封信，揭发了整个事件。

5.       He lay on his back, his teeth set, his right hand clenched on his breast, and his glaring eyes looking straight upward. 他仰卧着，牙关紧闭，右手抓紧按在胸上，怒视的双眼直盯着上方。
his teeth set, his right hand clenched on his breast, and his glaring eyes looking straight upward是三个独立结构（名词+过去分词或现在分词），在这里用作状语，修饰谓语动词lay，表示方式或伴随情况。

6.       Let me be.别管我！
let … be是“放任”、“听任”、“不打扰”的意思。如：
Let it be.别管它（让它去）。Let him be. 别打扰他（让他去）。

7.       … but nothing could have saved him even if he had been tended without delay. ……即使当时他得到了及时的救护，也无法挽救他的生命。

8.       He forced my brother to draw upon him, and fell by my brother’s sword … 他迫使我兄弟拔出剑来对着他，然后他就倒在我兄弟的剑下，……
draw upon somebody是“拔出武器威胁某人”的意思。如：
He drew upon me, and I was forced to defend myself.他拔出剑来对着我，我被迫进行自卫。

9.       It was with the greatest difficulty that the boy gathered the strength to speak, but he spoke with a frightful emphasis.那个男孩艰难地，费了很大的气力才说出话来，然而他吐字有力，使人惊惧。

EXERCISES

Ⅰ. Answer the following questions:

1.       What did Alexandre. Manette write about when he was a prisoner in the Bastille?

2.       What happened to Dr. Manette one night in December 1757?
1) What was he doing that night?
2) Where did the two nobleman take him to?
3) Who did the doctor find in a room upstairs?
4) Then the doctor was taken down to another room, wasn’t he?
5) Who did the doctor find there?
6) Was the boy dead? What did he tell the doctor?

3.       What happened to the doctor the day after he wrote a letter to the Minister disclosing the whole affair?

4.       Say something about Dr. Manette’s meeting with the boy.
1) Where did the older of the two noblemen lead the doctor?
2) Who did te doctor find lying on the ground?
3) Could the doctor see the wound? Why not?
4) What was the boy dying from?
5) Could the boy have been saved? Why not?

Ⅱ. For each word or phrase in Column B find a word or phrase of similar meaning in Column A:

A              B

1.       Answer for         grass cut and dried for use as animal food

2.       Prisoner           business; something to be done

3.       Obviously         make known

4.       Affair             carry (sb.) away by force

5.       Disclose           clearly

6.       Kidnap            be responsible for

7.       Hay               person kept in prison

8.       Glaring            make or be slow or late

9.       Receive            staring angrily

10.   Delay             get

Ⅲ. Use words or expressions from the text to complete the following passage:

One night in       1757,       Dr. Manette        by the river Seine, he was seized       two noblemen and       their carriage. He       to a       house. Later one of       led him into a      where he       a        peasant boy       seventeen, who       on some hay on the ground. The boy       fast from a sword-thrust       from       hours before. Nothing could have saved him      he had been tended       delay.

It was with      that the boy      the strength to speak. He told the doctor his story and also      his sister, and of the terrible       that       them       the two noblemen. Then the boy       , and a week later,       his sister.

Ⅳ. Complete each of the following sentences with one of the phrases given, using the correct tense and voice:

Force … into   throw …into   lead into   divide into   get into   put into   turn into   translate …into

1.       The cruel woman       the child       a dark room, though he kept begging her not to.

2.       I don’t quite understand this sentence. Will you please       it       Chinese?

3.       I always thought he would       trouble and now he really is in trouble.

4.       After the meal, we were       a great hall which was big enough to hold 5,000 people.

5.       We picked up the banana skins and       them       a dustbin.

6.       Usually, solids can be       liquids and liquids into gases if we raise their temperature high enough.

7.       Long long ago, China was       several kingdoms.

8.       This information would be quite useful in future research on this matter. It would be       the computer.

Ⅴ. Fill in each blank with a proper word given below, then put the sentences into Chinese:

A.     Lie (n.), lie (v.), lay
1. You look rather tired. You’d better go and       down for a while.
2. It was obvious that she was      . in fact, everything she said was a     .
3. The hens have      many more eggs since we changed the method of feeding.
4. When she went into the old man’s room on the following morning she found him       in bed, dead.

B.      Die, dead, death
1. He      for the people and his       is weightier (重的) than Mount Tai.
2. The fisherman cast his net for the first time, and drew in the      body of an animal.
3. In the old days many poor people       of hunger or cold when there was a flood（水灾）.
4. The old lady who lived across the street used to help me with my English before she     .

Ⅵ. Fill in each blank with the verb given to the correct tense and voice, then translate the passage into Chinese orally:

Alexandre Manette, a famous doctor of Paris, suddenly       (disappear). No one       (know) where he       (be) and no one heard from him for many years. What had happened was that, he       (throw) into the prison – the Bastille. He      (be) a prisoner there for eighteen years as he       (shut) away from the world so long, he      (can hardly remember) anything when he      (set) free in 1775. The only thing he remembered       (be) the number by which he      (call) in prison, which       (be) “105, North Tower”.

With the French Revolution in 1789, the people      (storm)（猛攻，直捣）the Bastille. While examining Cell （单人牢房）105，North Tower, they came upon（偶然发现）a hole in the chimney（烟囱）. There, they    (find) a piece of paper with words on it. It     (be) the writing of Dr. Manette. He    (write) down what      (happen) to him on a December night in 1757      the story you       just     (read).

Ⅶ. Read the following passage and then answer the questions:

Keys to Number Twenty-one

“We want a room on the first floor.” Said Mr. White.

“Certainly, sir,” the hotel manager answered.

“Have you a room with a private bathroom?” Mr. White asked.

“Yes, sir,” the hotel manager said. “Here are the keys to number twenty-one.”

Mr. White took the keys and went upstairs with his wife, Mrs. White. They unlocked the door of number twenty-one and went into the room. They shut the door and put their cases on the floor.

“Listen!” said his wife. “There’s a man in this room. He’s singing.”

“You’re right!” said Mr. White. “He’s in the bathroom!”

Mr. White knocked at the door of the bathroom. The singing stopped.

“Who is it?” a voice said.

“This is our room,” Mr. White answered. “What are you doing here?”

“Your room!” the voice answered angrily. This is my room. Please go away. I’m taking a bath.”

“I’ll call the manager,” said Mrs. White.

Just then the door opened and the manager came in.

“I’m very sorry,” he said. “I made a mistake. Your room is next door. Here are the keys to number twenty-two.”

The first floor 第二层楼（英国称第一层楼为the ground floor） a private bathroom专用的浴室
go upstairs 上楼 unlock vt.开门，箱等的锁 case n.箱子

1.         Did Mr. White want a room on the first floor or on the second floor?

2.         Was there a room with a private bathroom in it?

3.         Did the manager give Mr. White the keys to room twenty-one or room twenty-two?

4.         Did Mr. White and his wife go upstairs or did they go downstairs

5.         What did they hear when they went into the room number twenty-one?

6.         Who was in the bathroom? What was he doing in it?

7.         Why was the man angry with them?

8.         Why was the hotel manager sorry?

9.         Their room was next door, wasn’t it? What number was it?

 

LESSON FOUR

ALL THESE THINGS ARE TO BE ANSWERED FOR

(Continued)

“We were robbed by that man who is standing there, taxed by him without mercy, obliged to work for him without pay, obliged to feed scores of his tame birds on our wretched crops, and forbidden to keep a single bird of our own – I say, we were so robbed, and were made so poor, that our father told us it was a dreadful thing to bring a child into the world.”

I had never before seen the feeling of being oppressed, bursting forth like a fire. I had supposed that it must be latent somewhere in the people, but I had never seen it break out, until I saw it in the dying boy.

“Doctor, my sister married the man she was engaged to. He was ill at the time, and she married him so that she might tend and comfort him in our cottage. She had not been married many weeks when that man’s younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty. Then with that man’s permission and even with his help, he seized her and too her away. I saw them pass me on the road. When I told our father about this, his heart burst. Then, last night I followed him here and climbed in, sword in hand.

“My sister heard me, and ran in. Then that man’s brother came in. He first threw me some pieces of money, then struck me with a whip. As I fought back, he drew his sword and thrust it at me.

“Now, lift me up, Doctor; lift me up. Where is he?”

“He is not here,” I said, supporting the boy. I thought that he was referring to the younger of the two noblemen.

“Ha! Proud as these nobles are, he is afraid to see me. Where is the man who was here? Turn my face to him.”

I did so, raising the boy’s head against my knee. But, filled for the moment with extraordinary strength, he raised himself completely, obliging me to rise too, or I could not have supported him.

“Marquis,” said the boy, turning to the man, his eyes opened wide, and his right hand raised, “in the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon you and yours, to the last of your bad race, to answer for them. In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon your brother, the worst of your bad race, to answer for them separately.”

He stood for an instant with his hand still raised. Then, as it dropped, he dropped with it, and I laid him down dead.

WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS

Rob vt. 掠夺；抢劫
tax vt. 抽税 n.税
mercy n. 怜悯；宽恕；仁慈 without mercy毫不容情地；残忍地
oblige vt. 强迫；迫使 be obliged to do something 被迫做某事；不得不做某事
score n. 二十（单复同）；（比赛）得分 scores of 许多；大量
tame adj.驯服的 tame birds家禽
wretched adj. 可怜的；悲惨的；恶劣的
forbid (forbad 或forbade, forbidden vt. 禁止；不许
dreadful adj.可怕的
feeling n.感情
oppress vt. 压迫；压抑
burst (burst, burst) vi. 破裂；爆炸；突然发作 vt.（使）破裂；冲破；突破 burst forth突然发生；突然爆发
latent adj. 潜在的；潜伏的
comfort vt.安慰；使舒适
cottage n. 村舍；小屋
strike (struck, struck) vt. 打动；给……以印象；迷住
beauty n. 美；美人
permission n.答应；允许
seize vt. 捉， 抓；掠夺 vi. 抓住；夺取
whip n.鞭子 vt.鞭笞；抽打
fight back 还击
thrust (thrust, thrust) vt, vi. & n. 刺，戳，插 thrust at somebody用刀、剑等向……猛刺（捅，戳）
refer vt. 把……提交；指点 vi.提出， 谈到；参考 refer to指；谈到；参照
ha interj. 哈；嘿（表示惊异、愉快、怀疑等）
noble n.贵族 adj. 高贵的，贵族的；壮丽的
extraordinary adj. 非常的；非凡的
marquis n.侯爵
summon vt.传唤（被告等）；命令；把……叫来
race n. 人种；种族；家族
separately adv. 分离地；各别地；单独地
instant n.瞬间；即时

NOTES TO THE TEXT

1.       I had never before seen the feeling of being oppressed, bursting forth like a fire. 我从来没有见过那种象火一样突然迸发出来的被压抑的情感。
being oppressed是动名词的被动形式，作介词of的宾语；现在分词短语bursting forth … 作定语，修饰feeling。

2.       Then, last night I followed him here, and climbed in, sword in hand. 于是，昨天晚上我就跟踪他到了这儿，拿着剑爬了进来。
sword in hand是“名词+介词短语”构成的独立结构，用作状语，修饰climbed, 表示伴随情况。如：
The teacher entered the classroom, book in hand. 老师拿着书进了教室。

3.       Proud as these nobles are, he is afraid to see me. 这些贵族尽管很傲慢，他却害怕见我。
as 在这里相当于 though, 引导让步状语从句。用as引导让步状语从句时，常用倒装语序。如：
Young as he is, he knows a lot. 他虽然年轻，却知道很多东西。

4.       But, filled for the moment with extraordinary strength, he raised himself completely, obliging me to rise too, or I could not have supported him. 可是，他一下子使出了非凡的力气，（使自己）完全站了起来，我也不得不跟着站起来，否则我就无法搀扶他了。
过去分词短语filled …，用作状语，修饰raised，表示原因，现在分词短语obliging …，也是修饰raised，用作状语表示结果。
or I could not have supported him 这个分词用的是虚拟语气，意思是假若我没有站起来（if I had not risen），我就无法搀扶他了。

5.       “Marquis,” said the boy, turning to the man, his eyes opened wide and his right hand raised, …男孩转向那个人，眼睛瞪得大大地，举起他的右手，说道：“侯爵，……”
现在分词短语turning to the man和两个独立结构his eyes opened wide和his right hand raised都是状语，修饰said，表示行为方式或伴随情况。

6.       He stood for an instant with his hand still raised. 他仍然举着手站了一会儿。
with his hand still raised是“with+宾语+宾语补足语（过去分词）”作状语，修饰stood，表示伴随情况。

7.       Then, as it dropped, he dropped with it, and I laid him down dead. 然后，当他的手落下来时，他的身体也随着倒下，我把他放下，他死了。
句中的as it dropped是状语从句，修饰主句中的dropped.

EXERCISES

Ⅰ. Answer the following questions:

1.       Why did the boy’s father say that it was a dreadful thing to bring a child into the world?
1) How were the tenants robbed and taxed by the two noblemen?
2) Did the tenants get any pay for the work they were obliged to do?
3) What were the tenants obliged to feed? Were they allowed to feed birds of their own?

2.       Tell the story of the boy’s sister in your own words.
1) Why did the boy’s sister marry a man who was ill at that time?
2) What happened to her after she had been married a few weeks?

3.       What did the boy do when he saw the younger nobleman take his sister away?

4.       Did the boy take the money thrown at him?

5.       What did the boy do when the nobleman struck at him with a whip?

6.       What did the boy ask the doctor to do after he had finished the story of his sister?

7.       What did the boy say to the older of the two noblemen?

8.       What happened to the boy after he had finished his speech?

Ⅱ. Give a word or phrase, beginning with the letter(s) given, which had the same meaning as the word or phrase in each blankets:

T         (not wild)

Op        (rule unjustly or cruelly)

Co        (small house, especially in the country)

Re    to   (speak of)

Ex        (unusual; remarkable)

S         (twenty)

In        (moment)

F         (order not to do something)

S         (take hold of suddenly, especially by force)

Wr        (poor, bad)

Ⅲ. Use words or expressions from the text to complete the following passage:

The peasant boy and his sister were both       of the two noblemen. They were       and       by the two noblemen       mercy and       to work for them        pay. They were        so poor       they could hardly keep body and soul together.

The boy’s sister had not been       many weeks when the younger of the two noblemen saw her and was s      by her beauty. Then with his brother’s       and       , he      her and      her away. The boy came to help, but was     with a whip and then was wounded in the breast by a    .      extraordinary     , the dying boy condemned（谴责）the two noblemen for      they had done, declaring that all these things were       in the days to come.

Ⅳ. Put the sentences in Column I into Chinese and those in Column Ⅱinto English:

Ⅰ                                    Ⅱ

1.Before liberation her father was obliged to   1.解放前，他母亲为了维持生活，被迫卖掉了
work for a landlord（地主）in order to      他的小妹妹。
make a living.

2. The book which I referred to is not in      2.这不是我所指的那本字典。
 the library.

3. Filled with extraordinary strength, the man  3.那男孩使出惊人的力气将敌人士兵的尸体
raised the huge box on to his shoulder.         推到了河里。

Ⅴ. Fill in each blank with a suitable conjunction and tell the function of each clause:

1.       This is the man       saved our neighbour’s child.

2.       Mother liked to collect stamps       she was young.

3.       The question is       they can operate this machine properly.

4.       Do you know the year       men first landed on the moon?

5.       The small boy       is sitting in front of the farmhouse is an orphan.

6.       These flowers grow best in places       it is warm and       it rains often.

7.       The answer       he gave us is not complete.

8.       Do you know the lady       is standing by the window? She’s a writer of science stories.

9.       It is said       in some places people have their houses made almost entirely of bamboo.

10.   He promises       he will not tell a single person.

Ⅵ. Answer the following questions after the models:

Model A: Do you clean the windows yourself? → No, I have them cleaned.

1.       Did you paint the walls yourself?

2.       Are you going to repair the clock yourself?

3.       Did he cook the meal himself?

4.       Did he do the washing himself?

5.       Does she make cakes herself?

Model B: Did she have the radio repaired? → No, she repaired it herself.

1.       Did she have the coat washed?

2.       Did the engineer have the machine checked?

3.       Does she have the children taken to school every day?

4.       Did she have the pictures put up?

5.       Did he have the package taken to the postoffice?

Ⅶ. Read the following passage and answer the questions:

A Very Special Passenger

The big bus pulled over to the bus stop.

Mr. Cook got on the bus. He looked around and laughed. “I see there’s a seat for me today,” he said to the bus driver.

The driver laughed, too, because Mr. Cook was the only passenger on the bus.

“We’ll have another passenger soon,” the driver said, “We’ll pick him up at West Street.”

“How do you know?” asked Mr. Cook.

“Oh, I pick him up at West Street almost every day,” the driver said with a smile. “He is a very special passenger.”

“Is that so?” said Mr. Cook. “What’s so special about him?”

“He doesn’t have to pay to ride in my bus,” the driver told him.

“That is special!” Mr. Cook said in surprise. “Why is that?”

“He saved a little girl who fell in the river,” said the driver. “The father of the little girl is a bus driver. So now he is a very special passenger to all bus drivers.”

“Do you stop for him whenever you see him?” asked Mr. Cook.

“No,” said the driver, “if he wants to ride he stands at a bus stop like anyone else. When he gets on he goes right to his seat in the back.”

Mr. Cook was surprised. “Doesn’t he like to sit and talk to you?”

The driver shook his head. “He isn’t much of a talker!”

The bus turned into West Street.

“There he is!” said the bus driver.

Mr. Cook looked around. He didn’t see anyone at the bus stop.

The bus stopped, and the door opened. Into the bus came a big brown dog.

The dog went straight to the back of the bus, got on to the back seat and lay down.

“There he is!” said the driver laughing. “He is my very special passenger.”

Passenger n.乘客  pick … up接（乘客）  Mr. Cook 科克先生 much of a … 了不起的……，称得上的……  He isn’t much of a talker.他并不是一个会说话（健谈）的人

1.       Why did Mr. Cook laugh when he got on the bus?

2.       Were there many passengers on the bus? How many were there?

3.       Did the driver pick up any other passenger on the way?

4.       In what way was the passenger special?

5.       Who was the passenger?