亲爱的同学们，这是你们的师兄师姐自己编写的答案详解，有些解释不一定完全准确，如果你有不同的见解，请务必在这篇博文下面评论，十分感谢！

全新版大学英语(第二版)综合教程1 Text A 课后习题答案详解

Unit 4 American Dream

Text A Tony Trivisonno's American Dream

P.87 Content Questions

1. Where did Tony come from?

From a rocky farm in Italy. 

2. How did Mr. Crawford get to know Tony? 

Tony came to his driveway to offer to mow his lawn. 

3. Why did Mr. Crawford feel unhappy after he talked with Tony? 

The Depression Days were difficult, but he felt bad turning away a person who had come to him for help. 

4. What happened over the next few days? 

Mr. Crawford was busy at the factory, and Tony went on working in his garden.

5. How did Tony get6 his job at the factory?

He asked Mr. Crawford for it. 

6. How did Tony become a skilled worker later? How did Mr. and Mrs. Crawford feel about it? 

He was a good worker, and then took a pay cut to become an apprentice. Finally he learned a trade. Mr. And Mrs. Crawford thought it to be a satisfactory ending.

7. Why did Tony come to see Mr. Crawford again a year or two later? Was Mr. Crawford of help this time? How? 

Tony wanted to buy a house. Mr. Crawford helped him get a bank loan.

8. How did Tony feel about selling his house? Why did he feel that way?

He felt happy, because he earned $8,000 and bought a farm. 

9. Did Tony do a good job of running his farm? Give examples. 

Yes. He sponsored his childhood friend to move to America. The latter thought he was a millionaire. 

10. What was Tony’s lifelong dream?

Owing a farm. 

11. How did he make his dream come true? 

By such values and principles as vision, determination, self-control, optimism, self-respect and integrity. 

12. Why did Mr. Crawford compare Tony with the greatest American industrialists?

Because they reached success by the same route and by the same values and principles.

 

P.91-94 Vocabulary

I.

1.Tips:做这类题要知道所给出的单词和题目的意思、区分所给出单词的词性，填空时应注意时态和形式的变化。

1) wreck

解释：根据横线前的字母a可知要填一个名词，再由于句子的意思：当警察找到他那被偷的车时，车只是残破物了，他必须买新的。所以此空只填wreck。

2) balance

解释：根据横线前的单词the可知要填名词，再由于句子意思：店员很有耐心地教那年老的妇女怎样在自动出纳机上查询余额。所以此空要填balance（n.余额；在Tony这篇课文里，balance是“差额，余额”之义，可以参见课文词汇表及课文的语境）。

3) approaching

解释：由we’re now可知横线上要填动词，而且是ing形式的动词，再根据句子意思：如果你向车的左边窗看出去，你会看到我们正在接近伦敦塔了。因此此空填approaching。

4) handle

解释：由you can't可以要填一个动词的原形，再由句子意思：这里当然有很多问题，但没有一个是你不能处理的。所以此空填handle 。

5) discard

解释：由who_____litter可知横线上填动词，再根据句子意思：扔垃圾在街上的人会被严厉地罚钱。因此此空要填discard。

6) Above all

解释：由所给出的单词和此空在句中的位置和句子意思，可知此空填一个类似总结的单词，所以填了above all。

7) diet

解释：根据句子的意思：在这些艰难的日子里，这个家庭几乎生活以卷心菜为日常饮食。可知要填diet。

8) do with

解释：由横线所在句子的位置可知此处填动词，再由句子的意思：我们怎样处理晚会剩下的食物呢?此处填do with 。

 

有同学提出“如何区别handle和do with呢？”

我们先看看课文中是如何使用的：

Well, what do you do with such determination and hope?

I asked our people to check on his family and see that everything was properly handled.

再看练习中的两个句子：

What are we going to do with the food left over from the party?

There'll certainly be some problems, but nothing that you can't handle.

再参考课文词汇表里单词的英文释义，或者查一下《牛津高阶英汉双解词典》，你也许可以感受到差异：

1) handle有manage, control的意思；

2) do with用於疑问句中, 与what配合使用。

 

9) check on

check (up) on sth: examine sth to discover if it is true, safe, correct, etc 检查某事物（是否真实﹑ 安全﹑ 正确等) ，这句话理解为“我们通过Tom的出生记录核查他的年龄是否属实”。

如果将work out理解为“计算”，也勉强可以填空：我们可以根据托姆的生日记录算出他的年龄。

10) cleaned up

解释：由I´ve_____the kitchen可知填动词，而且是过去分词，再根据句子意思，所以填cleaned up

11) weekly

解释：由their______earnings可知要填形容词，在根据句子意思，所以填weekly

12) principles

解释：首先此空在all my的后面，所以要填名词，而且要填复数，然后再根据句子的意思：我不会陷入像这样的处理中，这违背我的所有原则。所以要填principles

 

3. Tips: 这样的题是一种同时训练单词语义和写作语法意识的题，难度较大。做此练习不求完全正确，做了练习就有收获。

1) for sale, hunting for, be amazed by

解释：由句意得第一个空填for sale作items的后置定语修饰items，从or可以看出第二小句是和第一小句并列，所以第二个空的动词的形式要与inspecting的保持一致，再根据三个单词的意思，hunt（search thoroughly寻找，usually followed by "for") 所以填hunting for。而第三个空就只能用amaze，但时态和形式要变，因为这里要用被动语态，所以只能填be amazed by。

 

有同学问道“I 3. 1)or后面的动词能否看作和you can spend 并列呢？”

You can spend hours wandering around the department stores, leisurely inspecting the items for sale, or hunting for some antiques along the sidewalk.

从语义逻辑上看，hunt for antiques, inspect items for sale, wandering around the department store是一个层级的，这些都是“spend hour (in) doing sth”中的doing sth。在英文写作时，语义逻辑也很重要，英语的语义逻辑和词的形式紧密相联，这是与汉语最大的区别之一了。不知你感受到了吗？

 

2) become skilled, handle, loans

解释：workers是名词，因此前面可填形容词，根据语意想到skilled，然而不要忽略“to learn another trade and ...”这里的and, 不能说既然learn skilled workers，那就要加上一个与learn并列的动词，用become(成为)就最好了；而第二个空根据句子的意思可得要填动词,而help do sth,所以用handle，而在三个单词中只有handle适合，所以将它变形就可以了。第三个空就填loan了，loan作为“借款”常作可数名词用。

 

3) character, by calling on, he passed away

解释：因为第一个空前有定语good moral (moral adj. following standards of right behaviour; virtuous 有道德的; 品行端正的) ,所以填名词，而character 适合题意；第二句话说他“以拜访有困难的邻居并帮助他们的方式建立自己的声望”，而by…可以表“以……方式”，所以用by calling on。而最后一句话中的funearl(丧礼)一词想到用用pass away，又因为1)话都是用过去式时态写的2)when从句少了主语，根据his,最佳答案就是he passed away。

 

II. Confusable Words

1. 1) personal       2) personnel

2. 1) sometime      2) Sometimes     3) some time     4) sometime

III. Euphemism

d e h c g a b f

 

P.94-96 Comprehensive Exercises

I. Cloze

1. Text-related 

Tips: 这是与课文内容相关的完型填空题，需要学生在了解课文大意并熟悉P.90Words and Phrases to Drill框里的词义的基础之上完成此练习。这个小篇章还是很好的范例，一方面示范学生如何复述(retell)课文故事，还展示了在写作时如何连句成章，是一道很有价值的练习题。

Few people in Italy thought that Tony Trivisonno would be able to create such a good life for himself. The friend he had sponsored (1) to join him was certainly amazed when he saw the farm. Yet right from the start Trivisonno showed a determination (2) to get on. When Crawford turned him away (3), he assumed (4) Trivisonno would not come back. But he did. Later, when Crawford gave him a job in his factory, he worked hard and showed he had the capacity (5) to take on skilled (6) work. With Crawford's help he managed to get a loan (7) for a house on the basis of character (8) alone, no down payment needed. Next he went hunting (9) for a farm for sale (10). When he found one, he was able to send for (11) his family and his dreams were ready to come true.

II. Correcting Non-standard English

1. Mr. Craw, snow pretty soon.

Correction: Mr. Crawford, it’s going to snow pretty soon.

2. When winter come, you give me job clearing snow at the factory.

Correction: When winter comes, please give me the job of clearing snow at the factory.

3. I like a buy a house.

Correction: I’d like to buy a house.

4. Mr. Craw, I sell my house!

Correction:” Mr. Crawford, I’ve sold my house!

5. Mr. Craw, I buy a farm.

Correction: Mr. Crawford, I’ve bought a farm.

III. Translation

1.Tips:句子汉译英第一步：抓主干再扩充，将汉语句子按英语行文习惯重组成“英式中文”。

Demo

地震、台风和其他自然灾害无法防止，但可采取行动保护生命财产。

(重组)地震、台风和其他自然灾害无法被防止，but 行动可被采取to保护生命和财产。

(翻译)Earthquakes, typhoons and other natural disasters cannot be prevented, but action can be taken to protect life and property.

1) 据报道，联合国斡旋者制定出了他们希望双方都能够接受的方案。(work out)

It is reported that UN mediators have worked out a plan which they hope will be acceptable to both sides.

2) 多丽丝小心翼翼地在森另立行走，害怕遭到大蛇攻击。(giant)

Doris walked in the forest cautiously, afraid of being attacked by giant snakes.

3) 地震、台风和其他自然灾害无法防止，但可采取行动保护生命财产。(property)

Earthquakes, typhoons and other natural disasters cannot be prevented, but action can be taken to protect life and property.

4) 我买了一期新的我最喜欢的体育杂志就赶紧回家，急着想读之自娱。(amuse)

I bought a new issue of my favorite sports magazine and hurried home, anxious to amuse myself reading it.

5) 海伦缺乏信心，我从未遇到过像她那样没有自信的人。

Helen lacks confidence. I’ve never known anyone so unsure of herself.

lack v. [不用於被动语态] be without (sth); have less than enough of 没有（某事物）; 缺乏; 缺少; 不足: lack creativity, self-discipline, courage 缺乏创造性﹑ 自制力﹑ 勇气 * They lacked the money to send him to university. 他们没钱送他上大学.