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机场和航空公司表示,对此他们和旅客一样不爽,而美国海关与边境保护局(U.S. Customs and Border Protection)的工作人员也说不喜欢看到这种等待。
国际航班每天把30万人次的乘客和机组人员送到美国。这个数字促使美国联邦机构和管理机场运作的地方和独立机构联手合作,采用了一种新的系统,帮助来访旅客更快通关。
现在,40%以上的国际旅客下机后可以直奔蓝色的自动护照检查(Automated Passport Control)服务器,自己扫描护照,并回答标准的海关申报问题。该设备让旅客完成头像“自拍”,然后拿着打印出的照片和信息,直接交给海关官员。
可以使用这些服务器的旅客包括美国和加拿大的公民和永久合法居民,还包括与美国有相互免签协议的38个国家和地区的旅客,如欧洲国家、澳大利亚、新西兰、智利、文莱和韩国。从这些国家来的旅客可以用服务器提供电子指纹。
目前已有1300多台服务器分布在34个美国和其他8个国家的机场,乘客可以在登机之前通过美国海关。这种服务快速且免费,不像全球入境计划(Global Entry)那样要求游客必须提前注册并支付 100美元。
海关部门的发言人詹妮弗·艾文尼斯基(Jennifer Evanitsky)说,自2013年设置这些服务器以来,使用人次已超过9500万,等待时间在一些机场缩短了27%之多。
这些为乘客提供方便的服务器每台价格为35000至50000美元,它们不是由政府而是由机场购买和维护。第一个使用这种服务器的美国芝加哥(Chicago)奥黑尔国际机场(O’Hare International Airport)已为购置服务器花费数百万美元。

西雅图—塔科马国际机场(Seattle-Tacoma International Airport)的国际营运部经理查尔斯·哥德肯(Charles Goedken)说,“这是绝对值得的。如果从香港去丹佛(Denver)的乘客在西雅图过海关要比在洛杉矶(Los Angeles)快,那么航空公司可以更好地为该航班做广告和售票。”
这些服务器已经减少了误机的人数,而误机有可能导致旅客损失一天宝贵的假日或错过一次重要的会议。
甚至在国际旅客大幅增长时,等候时间也在缩短。丹·阿戈斯蒂诺(Dan Agostino)是迈阿密国际机场(Miami International Airport)的助理航空主任,他说,“让他们顺利通过[海关]是我们机场的一项非常重要的工作,你不可能期待让旅客排队等上两小时而不误机。”
Welcome to the U.S. Now wait just a minute.
Queuing up in lines is a fact of life for airline passengers. The wait to get through security to catch departing flights can be frustrating. The misery is compounded for jet-lagged travelers who can step off an eight-hour flight and discover a line snaking through immigration that will add an hour or two to their journey.
Airports and airlines say they don’t like it any more than the customers, and U.S. Customs and Border Protection says it doesn’t like the waits either.
International flights bring 300,000 passengers and crews
daily
Now, more than 40 percent of international arrivals head straight to the blue, self-service Automated Passport Control kiosks to scan their passports and answer the standard customs declaration questions. They take a “selfie” with the device, which prints out the picture and information on a receipt the person takes right to a customs officer.
U.S. and Canadian citizens and permanent legal residents can use the kiosks. So can visitors from 38 countries with reciprocal visa waiver agreements with the United States, including European countries, Australia, New Zealand, Chile, Brunei and South Korea. Visitors from those places get their fingerprints taken electronically at the kiosks.
There are now more than 1,300 kiosks at 34 U.S. airports and in eight other countries where passengers can clear U.S. customs before boarding flights. It is fast and free, unlike the Global Entry program that travelers must sign up for in advance and pay $100.
Jennifer Evanitsky, a spokeswoman for the customs agency, said the
kiosks have been used more than 95 million times since the program
began
The kiosks, each costing $35,000 to $50,000, are bought and maintained not by the government but by the airports as a service to their customers. O’Hare International in Chicago — the first U.S. airport to use the kiosks — has spent several million dollars purchasing them.

“It’s absolutely worth it,” said Charles Goedken, international operations manager at Seattle-Tacoma International Airport. “If passengers going to Denver from Hong Kong can get through Seattle faster than it takes to go through Los Angeles, then the airline can market and book that ticket better.”
The kiosks have lowered the number of missed connections that can cause visitors to lose a precious day of vacation or miss an important meeting.
Dan Agostino, an assistant aviation director at Miami International Airport, which has seen wait times drop even as international arrivals grew sharply, said: “Getting them through [customs] is a very important thing for our airport. You can’t have somebody wait in a line for two hours and make a flight.”