加载中…美国国际开发署利用新型发展模式消除极端贫困
(2014-05-16 16:14:18)
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杂谈 |
分类： 政治与经济 |
2014.05.14
坦桑尼亚马汉蒂水稻灌溉系统（Mahande Rice Irrigation Scheme）负责人阿姆内依（Paschali Axweso Amnaay）及该国其他农业综合企业从非洲电力等计划中受益。
这篇由美国国际开发署（U.S. Agency for International Development）署长拉吉夫·沙阿（Rajiv Shah）撰写的博文于4月11日刊载于devex.com网站。
以新型发展模式消除极端贫困
拉吉夫·沙阿博士
今晚，会有8.6亿人饿着肚子入睡。今年，会有660万名未满5岁的儿童夭折。每一天，全世界有11亿人——比南北美洲的人口加起来还多——生活在极端贫困之中，每天的生活费只有1.25美元。
即使在根据当地商品的相对价格进行调整之后，这仍是一个少得可怜的数目。只有这么点钱的家庭每天都必须在食物、药品、住房和教育之间取舍。
我们知道情况并非一定如此。有史以来第一次，一个不存在极端贫困的世界与我们近在咫尺，而这在过去完全是不可想象的。
从1990年到2010年，上学读书的儿童人数上升到接近90%，大约20亿人用上了洁净水。儿童死亡率下降了47%，贫困率下降了52%。2005年，贫困率在全世界每一个地区都有所下降，包括非洲地区在内，而这是有史以来的第一次。
现在，我们有了一个走出极端贫困的清晰的路线图，其驱动力是广泛的经济增长和透明的民主治理。随着实现千年发展目标（Millennium Development Goals）的期限日益临近——以及有关2015年后发展议程（Post-2015 Development Agenda）的对话的展开——全球社区有机会开创一种新型发展模式，并打造一项将会消除极端贫困的有包容性的、以结果为导向的议程。
釜山援助实效问题高级别论坛（Busan High-Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness）为这项努力打下了一个牢固的基础——调动各个政府、基金会、公司企业和公民社会组织的能力来解决全世界最艰巨的发展挑战问题。
美国国际开发署署长拉吉夫•沙阿为美国全球发展实验室揭幕。
今年早些时候，通过我们的发展信贷机构（Development Credit Authority），美国国际开发署与通用电气公司（GE）和肯尼亚商业银行（Kenya Commercial Bank）结成合作伙伴，帮助医疗服务提供者购买能够拯救生命的医疗设备，其中包括便携式超声波仪和磁共振成像（Magnetic Resonance Imaging）机。我们的私营部门合作伙伴有史以来第一次负责支付贷款担保费用——使这个项目基本上不需要纳税人花一分钱。
欧巴马总统提出的非洲电力（Power Africa）计划也是一个很好的例子。
在全世界大部分地区，电力让公司企业能够繁荣发展，让医院诊所能够存储疫苗，让学生们能在天黑后继续学习。但是，非洲撒哈拉沙漠以南地区（Sub-Saharan Africa）的6亿多人口却根本用不上电。非洲电力计划鼓励有关国家进行能源部门改革——同时让企业家得到这些改革本身所创造的投资机会。
在启动这项计划不到一年的时间里，已经有了5500多兆瓦的电力项目的规划，使我们将该计划向2000万个家庭和企业提供电力的目标完成了一大半。就在最近，我们表彰了3位当地的工程师，他们正在利用太阳能发电机以及按用量收费的家用电表来照亮非洲。
最佳创意不仅仅来自已在实地工作30年的专职从事发展的人员，这种现象越来越普遍。这些创意也是由全世界的科学家、发明家和企业家提出的。正因为如此，我们发起了发展大挑战（Grand Challenges for Development）并创立了发展创新投资企业（Development Innovation Ventures）基金——以使解决问题能手们能够检验他们改变现状的倡议，不论是一项能够提高医院效能的移动技术，还是一个能够预防造成孕产妇死亡的首要病因的造价仅10美元的仪器。
几年以前，我们征集创意的请求能收到几条建议就算幸运了。而到目前为止，这些新型公开竞赛已经收到了6000多份申请——每份申请都具有发展革新的潜力。更令人高兴的是，建议方案中有70%是那些我们从未与之合作过的发明者提出的。
我们期待着在首次有效发展合作全球伙伴关系高级别会议（High-Level Meeting of the Global Partnership for Effective Development Co-operation）上强化这个新型发展模式。不论我们是为一个政府机构工作还是为一个小型地方组织工作，我们每个人都能够进一步强调伙伴关系和创新。我们每个人都能深化侧重于严格评估和可伸缩性结果的工作。我们共同努力，便能敞开发展的大门，并调动起从事我们这项使命的千百万人，为所有人开创一个更加光明的未来。
Read more: http://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/chinese/article/2014/05/20140514299202.html#ixzz31rekejF5
USAID Unveils New Model of Development to End Extreme Poverty
15 April 2014
Paschali Axweso Amnaay, chairman of the Mahande Rice Irrigation Scheme in Tanzania, and many agri-businesses in the country benefit from initiatives like Power Africa.
This blog post by Rajiv Shah, administrator of the U.S. Agency for International Development, originally appeared on devex.com on April 11.
Ending Extreme Poverty with a New Model of
Development
By Dr. Rajiv Shah
Tonight, 860 million people will go to sleep hungry. This year, 6.6 million children will die before their 5th birthday. And every day, 1.1 billion people around the world — more than the population of North and South America combined — live in extreme poverty on just a dollar-and-a-quarter a day.
Even after adjusting for the relative price of local commodities, this is a desperately meager sum. With it, families must make daily choices among food, medicine, housing, and education.
We know it doesn’t have to be this way. For the first time in history, we stand within reach of a world that was simply once unimaginable: a world without extreme poverty.
From 1990 to 2010, the number of children in school rose to nearly 90 percent, and around two billion people gained access to clean water. Child mortality rates have fallen by 47 percent and poverty rates by 52 percent. In 2005, for the first time on record, poverty rates began falling in every region of the world, including Africa.
We now have a clear roadmap out of extreme poverty that is driven by broad-based economic growth and transparent democratic governance. With the deadline for the Millennium Development Goals drawing near — and conversations on the Post-2015 Development Agenda well underway — the global community has an opportunity to pioneer a new model of development and shape an inclusive, results-driven agenda that will end extreme poverty.
The Busan High-Level Forum on Aid Effectiveness has built a strong foundation for this effort — tapping into the capabilities of governments, foundations, companies, and civil society organisations to solve the world’s greatest development challenges.
U.S. Agency for International Development Administrator Rajiv Shah unveils the U.S. Global Development Lab.
Earlier this year, through our Development Credit Authority, USAID partnered with GE and Kenya Commercial Bank to help health care providers buy life-saving healthcare equipment, including portable ultrasound devices and Magnetic Resonance Imaging machines. For the first time ever, our private sector partner is covering the cost of the loan guarantee—making this program virtually costless for the taxpayer.
President Obama’s Power Africa initiative is another great example.
For most of the world, electricity allows businesses to flourish, clinics to store vaccines, and students to study long after dark. But for more than 600 million people in Sub-Saharan Africa, these opportunities simply do not exist. Power Africa encourages countries to make energy sector reforms—while connecting entrepreneurs to investment opportunities that are created by those reforms themselves.
Less than a year since launching, more than 5,500 mega-watts of power projects have been planned—putting us more than halfway towards the initiative’s goal of expanding electricity to 20 million homes and businesses. Just recently, we celebrated three local engineers who are lighting up Africa with solar-powered generators and pay-as-you-go power home meters.
Increasingly, the best ideas aren’t just coming from development professionals who have been in the field for three decades. They are also coming from scientists, inventors, and entrepreneurs around the world. That is why we launched the Grand Challenges for Development and created the Development Innovation Ventures fund—to enable problem-solvers to test their game-changing idea, whether it’s a mobile technology that boosts hospital efficiency or a $10 device that prevents the leading cause of maternal mortality.
A few years ago, we were lucky if we got half-a-dozen proposals in response to our solicitations. So far, these new kinds of open competitions have received more than 6,000 applicants—each with the potential to transform development. Even better, 70 percent of proposals are from inventors who we’ve never worked with before.
We look forward to strengthening this new model of development at the first High-Level Meeting of the Global Partnership for Effective Development Co-operation. Whether we work for a government agency or small local organisation, each of us can expand our emphasis on partnership and innovation. Each of us can deepen our focus on rigorous evaluation and scalable results. Working together, we can throw open the doors of development and engage millions of people in our mission to unlock a brighter future for all.
Read more: http://iipdigital.usembassy.gov/st/english/article/2014/04/20140415297873.html#ixzz31rem9UFF
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