时光倒流之361——Altercasting(重塑/换模/角色归置/请君入戏)

标签:
角色归置altercasting |
分类: 向着我的2019-语言 |
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Altercasting(暂译:角色归置), 就是指这样一种技巧,即通过迫使或诱导听众进入某种社会角色而使他们必须根据那个角色的需要或要求来行为。(a tactic for persuading audience by forcing them in a social role, so that they will be inclined to behave according to that role.)这个技巧常被用于各种广告或政治宣传。
核心假设(Core assuptions): 当一个人接受某一特定的社会角色时,他就同时接受了为扮演这一角色所要承担的各种社会压力。社会环境期待这个人的行为与这一角色相符;这个角色同时也为这个人提供了与这一角色相符的对于信息的选择性接触。(when a person accepts a certain social role, a number of social pressures are brought to bear to insure that the role is enacted. The social environment expects the person to behave in a manner that is consistent with the role; the role also provides the person with selective exposure to information consistent with the role.)
角色归置有两种基本方式(There are two basic forms of altercasting):
祈使型角色归置(Manded altercasting):通过突出某个已经存在的角色、或者将其直接置于某个角色之中、或者将一个新的身份或角色归给某人来直接告诉人们他们是谁(或者被认为是谁),如,‘作为一个X国人,你应该....’,“作为一个有抱负的年轻人,你应该....”( means that we ‘tell’ people who they are (or are supposed to be) by making an existing role salient (‘You as a Christian should....’), by placing others in a particular role (‘You as a young abitious person should ....’), by attributing a new identity or role to someone, or by asking people to play a role. )
圆滑型角色归置(Tact altercasting):我们通过将自己置于某一角色中而成为相反角色的输出者,即“唤醒”他人作为与我们所在角色相反的角色,比如,专家-无知公众,替罪羊-原罪者,精英-普通人(means that we put ourselves as senders in a role that ‘evokes’ a natural counter-role for the other. Some common role sets are for instance expert-unknowing public, fool - normal, helper - dependent, scapegoat - sinners, etc. )
角色归置是一个非常有力的技巧,原因在于(Altercasting is a powerful tactic
because):
1 社会角色是人们日常状态的基本单位(the social role is a basic unit in people’s everyday condition);
2将自己呈现于一个社会角色中进而对他人进行角色归置是非常容易的事情(presenting oneself in a social role that can be used to cast the alter (tact altercasting) is relatively easy );
3 在一个行动过程之中,构建一个角色进而使他人陷于其中,这也是相对容易的事。(constructing roles that trap others in a course of action is also relatively easy)。
4 人们通常很容易接受主动呈送给他们的社会角色(people often accept easily the social roles offered to them)。
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GP:这样的事情,身边比比皆是,比如,“你都多大了,还不找对象/结婚?”,“你是个女孩子,就别......”,"作为一个男人/父亲/母亲/妻子,你怎么能.....",“你还是X国人吗?”,“一天一杯奶,强健X国人”等等。
相似技巧:贴标签
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参考来源:http://www.doc88.com/p-3901245832187.html