1.    to generalize the gramma this two week

This two weeks, we have systemactially the non-finite verbs. The non-finitive verbs are so called because they are not marked for tense or for subject-verb concord.

English erb have 3 non-finitive forms；infinitive, -ing participle, and –ed participle, which has no tense distinctions nor person or number contrast but can show the difference in voice and aspect.

Here is the grammatical forms:

Aspect/voive	Active voice	Passive voice
simple	To do	To be done
progressive	To be doing
perfective	To have done	To have been done
Perfective grogressive	To have been done

 

2.    Chosen exercises

 

1.  replace the words by an object + infinitive construction :

All her neighbours supposed that she was a widow.

All her neighbours supposed her to be a widow.

Ask, bribe, command, compel,have, get等心理状态的词后面的to do 通常为to be.

2. replace the words by an object + infinitive construction :

He felt that the plan was unwise.

He felt that the plan to be unwise.

The to-infinitive object with the adjective or noun phrase as the object complement followed by verbs like find, think, feel, believe is more often palced behind the adjective or noun, if used as the formal object as a replacement.

 

3.       replace the words by an object + infinitive construction :

The Court declared that the book was obsence.

The Court declaced that the book to be obsence.

一使二让三感观四心理无建禁

 

4.       replace the words by an object + infinitive construction :

The majority of critics thought that the film was highly original.

The majority of critics thought that the film to be highly original.

 

5.       replace the words by an object + infinitive construction :

Many of the audience considered that the speaker had overstated his case.

Many of the audience considered that the speaker to have been overstated the case.

 

6. replace the words by an object + infinitive construction :

Detectives investigating the robbery discovered that 20000 pounds worth of precious stones were missing.

Detectives investigating the robbery discovered that 20000 pounds worth of precious stones to be missed.

7. replace the words by a that-clause:

The police believed their informant to be reliable.

The police believed that their informant was reliable.

                                

8.  replace the words by a that-clause:

Everyone assumed what he said to be based on fact.

Everyone assumed that what he said was based on fact.

 

9.   replace the words by a that-clause:

The witness later disclosed his evidence to have been perjured.

The witness later disclosed that his evidence had been perjured.

 

10.  replace the words by a that-clause:

The man was accused of receiving goods, knowing them to have been stolen.

The man was accused of recriving goods, knowing that they had been stolen.

 

11. put the verbs in brackets into the correct forms, choosing between the –ing participle and the infinitive :

You must endeavour ____to explain____(explain) yourself more clearly.

Endeavour to do 努力做某事

 

12. put the verbs in brackets into the correct forms, choosing between the –ing participle and the infinitive :

Bob contemplated ___going____(go) to Africa after graduation.

详见书P357，contemplate属于常见动词后-ing一类。

 

13. put the verbs in brackets into the correct forms, choosing between the –ing participle and the infinitive :

I can’t help ___wondering____(wonder) whether we should risk ____going_____(go) without raincoats.

Can’t help doing 情不自禁做某事

Risk doing sth. 冒险做某事

 

14. put the verbs in brackets into the correct forms, choosing between the –ing participle and the infinitive :

Don’t tell me you always escape ____being_____(be) fined because you have a very fast sports car!

Escape + doing 逃避做某事

 

15. put the verbs in brackets into the correct forms, choosing between the –ing participle and the infinitive :

Leave off ____biting____(bite) your nails!

注意，这里的bite变化是不是双写t + ing的。

 

16. put the verbs in brackets into the correct forms, choosing between the –ing participle and the infinitive :

My mother detested ____going_____(go) to classical concerts so I never learned ____to appreciate____(appreciate) classical music until I was old enough _____to start____(start) a collection of records.

Detest + doing 憎恶做某事

Be …enough to do 固定用法

 

17. put the verbs in brackets into the correct forms, choosing between the –ing participle and the infinitive :

He didn’t feel like ____working____(work), so he suggested _____spending___(spend) the day in the garden.

Feel like doing sth. 想要做某事

 

18. put the verbs in brackets into the correct forms, choosing between the –ing participle and the infinitive :

You still have a lot ____to learn____(learn) if you’ll forgive my ____saying__(say) so.

动词 + 宾语 + into + -ing分词

 

19. put the verbs in brackets into the correct forms, choosing between the –ing participle and the infinitive :

Tim decided ____to put____(put) broken glass on top of his wall ___to prevent___(prevent) boys ____from climbing____(climb) over it.

动词 + 宾语 + from + -ing分词，表示阻止做某事

 

20. put the verbs in brackets into the correct forms, choosing between the –ing participle and the infinitive :

Do you recollect ____telling___(tell) John about the new house ?

 

3.    Time for TEM—4

 

1.  ______dull he may be, he is certainly A．very successful top executive.
A．Although
B．whatever
C．As
D．However

Answer: D

Always, as 作连词，后接句子。However, whatever后接名词。

 

 2.  If only I __play the guitar as well as you!
A．would
B．could
C．should
D．might

Answer: B

考的是if only引导的句子，其后常用虚拟语气表示惋惜、遗憾。这题是对现在的虚拟，所以用could.

 

3.  The party, __I was the guest of honour, was extremely enjoyable.
A．by which
B．for which
C．to which
D．at which

Answer: D

这题是定语从句题，先行词是the party, 参加晚会习惯用法是at the party，所以which前加的是at.

 

 4. It’s high time we __ cutting down the rainforests.
A．stoppe
B．had to stop
C．shall stop
D．stop

Answer: A

It’s the (high) time 后接句子是，从句要用虚拟语气。

 

5.  Fool      Jane is, she could not have done such a thing.     

    A. who          B. as              C. that          D. like

Answer: B

这里的as指的是像，而不是可以引导非限制性从句的那个as。

 

6. “What courses are you going to do next semester?”

“I don’t know. But it’s about time____ on something” 

A. I’d decide       B. I decided      C. I decide       D. I’m deciding

Answer: B

About time后面应该跟虚拟语气，答案里的should省略掉了。

 

7. The student said there were A．few points in the essay he __ impossible to comprehend.
A．has found
B．was finding
C．had found would
D．find

Answer: C

本句主句是过去时，而从句的动作发生在主句动作之前，所以从句用过去完成时。

 

8. The government has promised to do     lies in its power to ease the hardships of the victims in the flood stricken area．    

   A．however    B．whichever    C．whatever     D．wherever

Answer:C

这题根据句意政府应允行使一切权力，所以选C。

 

9.  John is       hardworking than his sister, but he failed in the exam.  

    A. no less         B. no more         C. not less          D. no so

Answer:A

no less than是多达，不少于的意思，根据句意选A。而no more than是只有不超过的意思。

注意，这两个词组一直放在一起考，要会区分开来。

 

10.       Loudspeakers were fixed in the hall so that everyone__ an opportunity to hear the speech.

A．ought to have
B．must have
C．may have
D．shoul
Answer: C

So that 引导的是目的状语从句，从句中用may.

 

11. Susan is very hardworking, but her pay is not__ for her work.
A．enough good
B．good enough
C．as good enough
D．as enough

Answer : B

Enough做修饰语，修饰名词时，常置于名词之前，修饰形容词或副词，则置于之后。

 

12.  It is imperative that the government __ more investment into the shipbuilding industry.
A．attracts
B．shall attract
C．attract
D．has to

Answer: C

It is (was) + 形容词 +（或过去分词）+ that..结构中，使用某些表示愿望、建议、请求、命令、迫切等形容词后的主语从句的谓语要用虚拟语气。其中should可省略。、

 

13. Land belongs to the city; there is __ thing as private ownership of land.
A．no such a
B．not such
C．not such a
D．no such

Answer: D

固定用法。There is no such thing as..是习惯用法。

 

14. My daughter has walke eight miles today. We never guessed that she could walk__far.
A．/
B．such
C．that
D．as

Answer: C

Such后常接名词或名词词组，as后接副词常用在as....as....结构中；that作副词，意思是那样，那么。

 

15. The statistics __ that living standards in the areA．have improve
D．drastically in recent times.
A．proves
B．is proving
C．are proving
D． prove

Answer: D

句子的主语statistics是复数形式，谓语动词prove也应用复数形式。

 

16. There are only ten apples left in the baskets, __ the spoilt ones.
A．not counting
B．not to count
C．don’t count
D．having not counted

Answer: A

这是道语法结构题。现在分词作伴随状语，它的否定形式在现在分词前加not即可。

 

17. It was __ we had hoped a more
A．success than
B．a success more than
C．as much of a success as
D．a success as much as

Answer: C

句子结构题，这题用排除法。

 

18. There used to be A．petrol station near the park, __?
A．didn’t it
B．doesn’t there
C．usedn’t it?
D．didn’t there

Answer: D

Tag question题。陈述句是there used to be...句型，其tag question用 usedn’t / didn’t there构成。

 

19. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he ________ able to advise you much better than I can.
　　A. would be     B. will have been      C. was        D. were

Answer: A

根据句意，从句用的是过去时态，主句要用过去将来时态。

 

20. _________, Mr. Wells is scarcely in sympathy with the working class.
　　A. Although he is a socialist       B. Even if he is a socialist
　　C. Being a socialist                D. Since he is a socialist

Answer: A

本句是让步状语从句。根据句意，选although符合句意。

 

4.     the summary of this two week’s learning

这两周学习了不定式当中的infinitive和types中的-ing participle，最令人头疼的非属那些动词后是加to do 还是doing的搭配了，下周二测试的内容就是关于这些固定用法的，好好去看，去理解，去记忆，然后取得一个好成绩！